Inhlangano yokuvuselela imithi ezingene

Indima Yemicamelo Yokuvuselela Kuqoqo Lemoya Ngaphakathi

Ukucaciswa Ngemoya Esiqinile Ngaphakathi (IAQ) Nokuphakama Kwalo Kwezimigwaqo Emlonyeni

Imithwanciso yethu ngaphakathi yenyeke kakhulu kumaphakathi abantu baphumelela kanye nobusebenza bakhe, ngakumbi xa ukuvulwa kwezinye kungatholakali. Ukungcola kwezinye kuvumela ukuthi kuhlolwe amathiphu amaningi ngaphakathi - lokhu kufakwe imithwanciso ye-VOC esihlandzelwe yezicuku nokuhlukahluka, amaphakathi amancane apholile, ngaphandle kokuqina okuningi kwezinhlo nyakaza. Konke lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthi kuhlangane imithwanciso yokuthi ibhubhane lihlanze kanye nobukhulu obukhulu. Imithwanciso emuhle yokuvulwa ivumela ukulungana nezinkinga ngokuthi iyahlukanisa ngokuphelele imithwanciso ethile ngaphakathi ngaleyo entsha ekuseni. Kuvumela ukuthi kuhlolwe amathiphu avela ngakho ahlukahlukene ngezinhlo. Sebenzisa isitandardi sika-ASHRAE 62.1 njengesibonelo. Lokhu kusebenza njengesigaba esibonisa izindlela ezifanayo ezenzela ukuthi kutholwe yini imithwanciso entsha kufanele ingcume kwenye into. Okuthandwa kakhulu ukuthi kutholwe ukuphakama phakathi kokuqeda izindleko zokuxhumeka kanye nokuvikela abantu abasebenzisa ukuthi bawamathane ngezinhlo ezithile.

Yini Okwenza Kwezisistimu Zokuvuselela Ukuhle Kwegolide (IEQ)

Izisitemu ezenzelwe, njengokwezisitemu yokuthola impahla (ERVs), zifinyelela i-IEQ ngokuphambene ukuphatha ubukhulu, amandla nezindlela zokuvuselela. Le zisitemu zithola kude kuye kwe-80% yekhono lesikhumba ( PRNewswire 2023 ), kweyindlela yokunciphisa izindlela zokuvuselela ngenxa yokuqinisa ukuvuselela okusha. Izindlela eziphambene nezindlela:

• Ukuhlanjelana kwamandla : Ukuxhuma kwezikhumba zokuphuma nezikhumba zokungena ukuvikelela ukungahlanjani kwamandla.
• Ukuthiwa kwezifiltro : Ukugcina amandla nezililo ngaphambi kokuthiwa kwamandla.
• Izibophezelo ezingcono : Ukushintsha izindlela zokuvuselela ngokwesicelo noma izililo.

Ukuxhuma kwezokudla okuphephiwe kumoya oqondile kanye nokulungisa umoya

Izicelo zokuxhuma kakhulu kwezokudla nokuphucula ukusebenza kanye nokweyiswa kwezokuhluka. Iindlela zokudla ezimeleyo nezine izicelo zokuxhuma komoya ibiko 30% engapheli inkxalabo yezokudla ngokokulinganisa kwezokudla ( Biofilico ). Izinto eziphambene ngokukhawuleza zinzileyo:

1. Umoya oqondile : Ukungena kwezindawo zokudla apho kuzo umoya uphakeme.
2. Izifilta zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza : Ukususa amaparticle 95% avela kumoya (isb., izifilta zaseMERV 13+).
3. Ukulawulwa kwehlithi : Ukuhla ngemvelo phakathi kuka-30–50% ukungcola ukuthi ikhanda nezilwane ezincane zokugcwala.

Isibonelo Sokusebenza: Ukuqasha kwezimali zokulayisha ikhanda (IAQ) ezingqimweni ezithathwe ngokwezimali zokulayisha ikhanda ngokusebenzisa ukulayisha okunemfundo

Igumbi lokusebenza eliqinisiwe ngokwezimali le-LEED Platinum eChikago libekwe isisekelo sokulayisha esinamandla we-Internet (IoT), eshiyela amandla we-CO₂ nge-42% ne-isisekelo sokusebenza nge-18% ngofu lokuphela. I-Sensors zilawule isamba sokulayisha ngokushesha, zinikeza inkimbinkimbi kizindawo ezinezokugcina okuphezulu ngenkathi zilawulela izimali zase-ASHRAE. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zemfundo zenza kanjani: ukuphela kwezomoya nefficiency yokusebenza.

Izinhlelo Zokulayisha Zokuthola Phagainani (ERV) Nefficiency ezingqimweni ezithathwe ngokwezimali zokulayisha ikhanda

Imibono Ebuhloko Yezinhlelo Zokulayisha Zokuthola Phagainani (ERV) ezingqimweni ezithathwe ngokwezimali zokulayisha ikhanda

Imicamelo ye-Ventilation ne-ERV yenza kahle ukusebenza kwezinkampani ngokuthi iyahlukanisa umoya wesigodi ngendawo entsha kusuka kudzaku noma ngokuthola kabusha kwezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-80 yemikamo yesikhashana. Ngaphakathi kwezimicamelo, i-heat exchangers ziyahlola kanye nokwehlisa kwezibonelo nezindlela zokugcina umoya ovela noma ongena, okunye kakhulu kunciphisa amandla esetshenziswa xa kungenelwa umoya omtsha. Xa kunesimoya esibangelayo ngemvula, i-ERV iyahlola ukushisa kusuka kumoya ovela futhi usebenzise ukushisa kulo umoya ophelile ovela kusuka kudzaku, ngakho ke izindleko zokushisa zingaphansi kakhulu. Imicamelo yonke iyasebenza njengesilindlela esibangelwa futhi iyafuna ukuthi kuthathwe ngendlela yokusebenza ngokwemikampani yokulula ukupheli kwezindawo ngaphandle kokuthintana nokulinganisa kwezimali zokuvukela kuzo.

I-ERV Performance Data: 70–80% Energy Recovery Efficiency kuzo zimbonakalo nezindlela zokulula

Kwimisebenzi zokugcina amathuluzi amavilakazi, izinhlelo eziyaqondiswa ngokuvamile ukuthola kwezinsuku ezingama-70 kuya ezingama-80% ngokuvamile futhi kusebenzisa imikhondo ye-2025. Uma kusetshenziswa kuzindlela zokugcina amathuluzi amavilakazi, lezi zinhlelo zingase khiphe amathuluzi okugcina amathuluzi e-HVAC ngenkathi ezingama-20 kuya ezingama-40% ngonyaka. Okuthakazelisa yilokho uma izindlu ziyakwamukela izimo eziphambene nezinye izimo, lezi zokukhula kwezinsuku. Izindlu ezine-ERV zingase khiphe amathuluzi okugcina amathuluzi e-HVAC ngenkathi ezingama-15 kuya ezingama-30% ngokulinganisela nezinhlelo zokugcina amathuluzi amavilakazi. Lokhu kwenza uhlu olukhulu kumaqembu abasebenzisa lezi zinhlelo ukuze abekele ukupelula kwe-Carbon Footprint futhi bakhiphe amathuluzi okugcina amathuluzi amavilakazi.

Ukwenza I-Building Airtightness ne-Ventilation Balance Ukwenza Ukukhula Kwamathuluzi

Izinkumbi eziphambene kakhulu zokubanda zokuthula zokuthi zikhuphe ukungcola kwezindleko kumasebenzisa amagugu nezindawo zokuvula, kodwa kukhona into engenakwenzeka. Lezi ziphambano eziphambene kakhulu zokuthula zingakhumbula ukungcola kugcizelelwe kakhulu kungaphandle kweba kungaphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Noma kunjalo, i-ERV iyahlola le nto ngokushesha. I-ERV eningi ikhombisa ukuthi amagugu aphinde aphume kwezinyathelo ezingama-0.35 kuya kuma-0.5 ngamahora, okungcono kunezinhloso eziphathelene nezokulayisha zase-ASHRAE. Uma abasebenzisi baseqile ukubanda okuphambene kakhulu nezinhlelo zokulayisha ezingenakwenzeka zokuthi zisebenze ngokwemiphumela ethile, lezi zindawo zokuhlala zingakhupha izindleko kwezinyathelo ezingama-25% ngaphandle kokuthi ukugcina kwezinkombelo zokuthi kungaphansi kama-1000 ppm. Futhi, kuyakwenzeka ukuthi abasebenzisi baseqile ukuthi bawenze amandla yabo angasebenzi ngokushesha ngoba ukulayisha kwezindawo zokusebenza kungafana nezindawo ezikhulu kakhulu.

Ukulayisha Okuhle nezinhlelo zokulayisha zase-IoT

Ukuxhuma kwe-IoT nezinhlelo zokulayisha ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokulayisha kwezindawo zokuhlala eziphathimisekileyo

Izinhloso ezixhunxhwe kwi-intanethi yezinto ziya nguqulela indlela ethi kuhlinzekwa ngazo imicuba yokuvuselela. Zikunquma imininingwano engqokolela ngokuguqula kwezibuko, ukuphakama kwezimali, izindlela zokugcina kwekharboni dioksidi, futhi noma labe abantu baphila kizwa. Xa lezi zinhloso zilayisha iziphumo zazo kumasevisi okugcwalise, zivumela ukuguqula ngokuzenzekela kwezinyukela zokuvuselela emkhakheni. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina kwehla kwezinyukela zokuvuselela phakathi ngaphandle kokuthilela kwezikhwama ezingenabantu. Iimikhakha esekela ukuthiwa neqiniso le-LEED cabanga ukuthi kwekwe izindleko zokusebenza ngama-15 kuya ema-30 ngenkalo xa kuvuselela okumnandi kuhlanganisa nezindleko eziphakathi noma kusebenza ngokuphelele kabusha ngelinye. Ukuhlola okuhlelwe kanye kwezokusebenza kwokuvuselela, ukuvuselela nokuvuselela kwezinyukela kwezulu kuleli ndinga lapho kuleli ndinga lapho kuleli ndinga lihlolwe kuleli ndinga.

Ukulayishwa kwezininingwano ngokushesha kwezinyukela zokuvuselela phakathi fokwezimitha yokusebenza okumnandi

Imicabango yesemantiki iqhuthe konke le ndawo yokungenisa izinga lokuxhumana nayo kancane nangaso inkampani yokuthatha amandla. Le ndawo yokuthuthukisa umsindo iyaziwa ukuthi bathanda ukubona abantu kakhulu, ngakho kungathatha isikhathi sokuthatha ukuxhumana ngaphambi kokuba abantu abaningi bavule. Lokhu kuyakha kakhulu ukulinganisa ukuxhumana kunesigodi ngaphandle kokwenza amafani amakhulu athathe isikhathi eside. Sibonile ukuthola amandla amancane futhi - ngu-40% okungenani amandla atholakala kufani lapho kungabi naluphi othando, ngokwemibuzo yakamuva ebekwe kakhulu ngemicabango yesemantiki yesibhakabhaka ukwanda nokhanya.

Isibonelo: Ukuxhumana okuzenzekelayo kwezimali ephumelela ukuthatha amandla ngama-25% kuzindleko zokuphambela

Ngokwesinye seyikhulu le 2023, kwenziwe ukuguqulwa okukhulu kulesi sithuthi esikhulu sokugcina amaphurekhwe okugcina okuqukethwe kakhulu kwezinkawunti ezingu-500,000. Baye bakhetha isithuthi sokuvula esisebenzisa IoT esobala ukuxhuma kwe-detekthela CO2 nezinhloso zokuphutha kuma-fan okuvumelana nezindlela. Yini ekwenzeka emuva koko? Ibhili yezimoto yenza ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokungu-25% ngalinyaka, ekutholeni izinkqubo ezingu-$120,000 ngalinyaka ngaphandle kokuthilela kakhulu kakhulu kwezokugcina amathuba wokuvula okuqukethwe kwi-World Health Organization. Ngaphezulu koko, lezi zinhlelo zemfanelo zinezinhloso zokuziphatha ngaphambili ezikhula ukwehluka kwe-HVAC kabili. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kushowakala ukuthi kanjani le ventilasyon ephumelelayo ingase kuthulela ukwehluka kwe-carbon ngenkathi iyahlola ukuthi izithuthi zivule nezinye izinyanga.

Ukucubungula Okuphezulu Nokukhupha Kwezithuthi Zokuvula

Indima Yekucubungula Okuphezulu ekuthuleni I-Particulate Matter Ukuze Kuthuthukwe IAQ

Izifilti zokulula ephethimende kakhulu namanje, ngokukodwa ezilabeliwe ngokuthi HEPA noma nezineke i-MERV ethile, zibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni konke okuqukethwe kuzinhlanu zokulula etholakala. Zigcina izinto ezineke izindlela zokubonakala, izinhlanu zokupheka, futhi kune mikro-organism engeke yini, okwenza uhlu olukhulu kakhulu kumehluko phakathi kwezinye nezinye zokulula epholile kakhulu. Izitekhnoloji ezintsha zokufiltela ziyaphansi kwekugcina okungapheliwe. Isibonelo, izindawo eziphathelene nekakhulu zokubona kahle ukugcina amakhemikhali athile aqondisa okuphakeme noma izisitim kwe-UV-C zisebenza ngokugcwele kuzinhlanu nezivirhesi. Ngwedlule kwekho lapho kwekho 2022, kwekho okuthiwa ngokuhlelwa kwelekthrostatiki esinake ukuthi izifilti zigcine izindlela ezingapheliwe ngaphandle kokuthenga kwezindlela. Le ndlela yekhono iyakhula ngokuphezulu kwezinkululeko ezifisayo ezifuna ukuthi izindawo zabo zibe nezokulula epholile kodwa futhi zifuna ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza zibe phantsi.

Ukulawulwa kwe-Carbon na Sistimu ye-HVAC: Ukuguqula kusuka kwezindlela zokusebenzisa iindlela zokuphefumula yezomnotho

Ukwelektrisela iisistimu ze-HVAC ikwakha indima kakhulu ekukatheni ngokwehluleka kwezinhlobo zokuphefumula evela kwezindlu. Xa iintsuku ezidala zokusebenzisa igesi zilishicwa ngokuthi iindlela zokulawulwa kwezomnotho okanye iipompi zokunyukela umoya, izindlu ngokuvamile bethola ukuncipiswa kwezinhlobo zokuphefumula ngokupelleyo kwe-70% ngokomqela wokwenziwa kule ndatshana. I-Institusi ye-Ponemon yakhangela le nto ngo-2023 fwayo bethola imiphumela efanayo kuzo zonke iindlela. Iindlela zokudizajana kwezinyathelo zokunyuka kahle ukulawula ngokweminye imali kanye nezilingo zokuguqula ubude bendawo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba izindlu zenzele ukuba zivele kulezi zikhali ezinhle zokwehluleka ngokuphefumula nangona kuzokugcinwa ukholo olukhulu kwezimo zokuzulwa kubantu. Ababhangele amathuluzi abe ngokuthi izindleko zokuqala kuzokhona kakhulu kodwa izikhala ezingaphambili zenza ukuba kuyinto enzeka kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlu.

Umgangatho weNdawo: Ukulandelana kweFiltration Efficiency kunye nekhwangu yomoya yekhafani

Inselele eyinhloko ilele ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokugeleza komoyaukusebenza kahle kokusefa okuphezulu kuvame ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-ventilator. Nokho, izinto ezintsha ezinjengama-hybrid electrostatic-mechanical filters zinciphisa isidingo samandla ngo-50% ngenkathi zigcina ukusebenza kahle okungu-99.97% ( Amandla Nezakhiwo 2012 ). Lokhu kulinganisela kubalulekile ekuphatheni okuzinzile kwe-IAQ ezakhiweni eziluhlaza eziqaphela amandla.

Izitifiketi Zokwakha Okuluhlaza kanye Nezindinganiso Zokusebenza Kwe-Ventilation

Indlela Izindinganiso Zezindlu Ezingaphephile, Ezikahle Nezingaphephile Ezakha Ngayo Ukwakhiwa Kwesimiso Sokungenisa Umoya

Imikhiphilelo ye-green building idinga imithwalo ngokucophelela indlela abeke ngayo izindlu ukuze iyifishele amathishiyelweyo okugcinwa kwayo. Sebenzisa i-LEED v4.1 njengombala. Ukuze uthole indawo ye-Gold, izinhlobo zokuvulindlela kufanele zihlule imithwalo ye-AHRAE ezi-30%. Ufuna i-Platinum? Kuthayela ku-50%. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-WELL Building Standard ikhuluma ngokuhlinzela ubungo lwamagugu ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa leso senzor yase-IoT esembenza ukuhlinzela ubungo lwamagugu ngokudlule. Kanti na i-Passive House certification ishaya ukuthi izinhlobo zokuvulindlela zokuthola amandla kufanele zihlale kwi-80% yokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma lapho izindlu ziphunywe ngempela kungafuthi, zihlale zivule amagugu amasha ngaphandle kokuthatha amandla. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuthi izindlu ziye kuzo zinhlobo zokuvulindlela ezinhle fana nezidinga ukuthi zilungiselelwe ngokuthi kubani abakhona kanye nezinga le-carbon dioxide. Izindlela zekhombisa ukuthi lokhu kungahola amandla kancane kwezingu-18% kuya kwezingu-27% kunazo ezintsha eziphumelela ngokugcwele ngokushesha ngezinyathelo ze-ASHRAE zasekupheleni komhla.

Ukuxeshwa nezimali kanye nezabakeli eziphathelene ngokusebenzisa ukuvulindlela okunconywa

Imithombo yokuvulindlela ekuwandleyo iyamelela ukugcina konke okulawulwe yimigomo ngelokho kwenza okubizwa ngokuba yindlela yokusebenza ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kohlaka ngokutholwa kwezindlela zokuvikela ukuvuleka okuphezulu (njengokuba kwi-MERV 13 nangaphezulu) ngendlela engenakugcina amandla kwezifanekiso. Xa izingeni ziyalwa izisemo ze-ERV nezisemo eziphathelene nezulu, ziyasebenza ukuthi izimvume ze-LEED zithole kabusho ngama-42% ngokusheshayo ngokulingana neqondo elikhulu elandelayo kuleli qhuma elinesibini esikhulu kanye nezinye izinto ezingatholakali ukuthi zibe yimaliphi. Izinto ezinhle yokuvulindlela eziyakhiwa ngokuhlakulela izimvume ze-WELL ziyamelela ukuthatha isigaba sokuvuleka kwezibhedleli ngama-31% ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziyimvumelwe, okuyindlela engcono yokujabula abantu ngokujwayelekile. Okwenza lokhu konke kube yimali ngokuthi lezi zisemo iyabahlula ukuphakama phakathi kwezimvume zokukhula zase-EPA nezimvume eziphathelene nezulu zase-EU ngendlela enye ngokuphelele kwezisemo eziphathelene nezulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungakuphi ukuvikela kubaluleke kakhulu kwehlukwane lemvula phakathi?

Ukuvikela kubaluleke kakhulu kwehlukwane lemvula phakathi ngoba kusiza ekunyeliseni nokususa amadlozi emhlabeni phakathi, kubeka imvula entsha futhi kwehlukwana izimo zokungcono zemvula njenge-VOCs, izimu futhi amadlozi.

I-IoT sensors yini enza ngayo kwehlukwane lesmart?

I-ERV zisenza ukuthuthwa kwezindleko zokuvikela kwehlukwane lezinhle ngokuthuthwa kwezindleko ekuhlukaneni kwezindleko, kuhlele kakhulu ukusebenza kwezindleko. Bafaka futhi ukulingana kwezinhlobo nezimo zokulingana futhi kwehlukwana izindleko zokuvula futhi kwehlukwana.

I-IoT sensors yini enza ngayo kwehlukwane lesmart?

I-IoT sensors izindlela zokugcina imininingwane ye-real time ngokuthi yini, ukungcono, futhi izimo zokungcono. Le mininingwane esiza ekunyeliseni ukuthi kwehlukwane lezindleko zenzeke kanye nezindleko zokuvikela kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwezindleko.

Yini leyo kwehlukwane leventilation ikhetha ukuthi kwehlukwane lezinhle?

Imicaba yokuvuselela inhloso lemine le-green building njenge-LEED, WELL, kanye ne-Passive House ngokulandelana nokuthuthukisa umoya, ukubuyisa amandla, nokulula kwezinhloso ngokulandelana nezikhakha zokutholwa kwezinye zokuthola.