Ukuvutha Inhloso ngekondisi yamakoti

Ukuthini Isicathamiyo se-Air Conditioner Systems Sebenza Nga

Ukuthola ukuqonda kwe-refrigeration cycle kumagadget esi kalaka

Umntu ngamnye we-AC weqela lasekhaya uyasebenzisa okubizwa ngokuba yikhowudi yesilika, okuphuma kwezinyathelo ezingane: ukugcina, ukushukela, ukulawula, nokuvuleka. Okokuqala, ikhomphresasi iyithatha igesi lesilika fakwa ukhuphelela ukugcinwa, okwenza kube lula. Le gasi elula leyo ibuyela kwiindawo zokushukela ngaphandle apho inika amandla akhe fakwa ubuyele kwi-liquid form. Elandela ngoko yivalve yokulawula, okubangelwa ngokuba le liquid ibe ngokugcinwa fakwa ukube ngokulinganisa. Xa le silika elula leyo ibe kwiindawo zokuvuleka ngaphakathi, iyithatha ukukhanya kwezulu ngaphakathi njengoko ubuyele kwi-vapor, ukuqala kwakhona inqanawa. Le systems ezenzelwe ngoku balela ukuthola phakathi kwe-12 nase-24 BTUs wezulu nganye kwiwatt engasitshengi, ngoko ke sebenza ngokuhle kwezimali ezifuna ukuba bekhululekile ngelixa bephathwa izindleko.

Ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngokweqela le-HVAC lasekhaya

Isistimu ye-HVAC yekhanda isebenza ngokuxhuma kwezinyukelo evela phakathi kwezinyukelo evela ngaphandle kwezinyukelo evela ngaphakathi kwezinkampani, esekwa ngalezi zikhwebezela ezixhutshwa ngemoto ethi bonke abakhona emakhanda amakhulu. Ngaphakathi kweyunithi, kukhona ifani elijwayele izinyukelo ngemfilti ethola ngokoqobo 90% ukuya kuma-95% wemiphezulu engaphezulu kuma-1 micron. Amakhulu wemaye wokuxhuma noma ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30% wemayelana nezinyukelo evela ngaphandle kwezikhawulwa ezixhutshelwa ngemkhanda, noma kunye nezinye ezivelwa kuzo ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Emuva kolunye lwemayelana nezinyukelo ezijwayele ngaphakathi kwezikhawulwa zokujwayelela noma zokulula, izivivinyo zokushintsha izimpambo zikhlinza ukutshintsha indawo ifani isebenza. Lezi zishintshe ukujwayelela kwezinyukelo kuzo ngaphakathi kuma-500 ukuya kuma-2500 cubic feet ngemizuzu ngokudinga kwemaye kanye nezikhathi ezithile.

Imigomo yesistimu yekhanda yekhanda: Kusuka kumoya ophelile kuya kumoya ongenileyo

1. Kusuka kumoya : Izithuthi zokubuya kumoya zikhawulwa kumoya ngaphakathi kuya kweyunithi.
2. Ukusebenza : Imvuku yezulu ibamba kuma-coils okuhlisa kwaye kuma-elements okuqinisa ukunqanda ngokudinga.
3. Ukushisa : Umoya oqinathiweyo ubekwe kwiindlela zokunqanda ngokusebenzisa ibhelti, kwiqhoqho e3-6 psi.

Xa yizonke ubukhulu, le miqatho iqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwezulu ngokwe-±1°F phakathi kwezoni. Ukuhlaba kwiqhoqho kwenza ukuba kube lula kwiindawo zokudlala futhi kuvikela indawo yokudlala.

Izinto eziphambene ne-Rooftop Air Conditioner

Izilayisi kwiimvukelo ze-Rooftop HVAC: Intlanzi yokuqinisa

Izinkompreshini ziyenza umsebenzi wokuchaza ngokuthutha ukuphakama kwegesi yechaza ukuze kube nemvume yokuhamba kwezindleko. Kuleli xesha le zinkompresheni zokuhamba (scroll compressors) zikhokhe isikhundla esikhulu ngokuthi zisebenza ngendlela efana ne-15-20% ngokwesicatshulwa sase AHRI 2023. Ngoba izinkompresheni zisebenza ngokukhulu ngezimpakati, ukulawulwa okuhlangene nokulawula kuzo kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze sivikele ukuphulwa futhi siqinise ukuthi zisebenze ngendlela efanelekile kuzo zonke izmanje.

Izinhloko zokushisa fanye nezindleko zazo kuzokuthola izindleko

Imicabha ye-evaporator iyaphakathi kweyunithi ye-air handler futhi ngokuvumelekile iyawelwa ngematerial ephakathi kwe-aluminum noma copper. Le micabha isebenza ngokuthi iyivumela umoya wesibhakabhaka ukuthi uyivalwe ngenkathi irefrigerant ithinte ukuthi ibe yigasi. Xa imicabha esebenzisa kahle kwezimo zabo, iyakhipha ama-moisture kwezinhlanu ezingu-85 kuya kuma-90, lokhu kusho ukuthi ubunikazi obuhle bokuphakama kwezinhloko nezinhlobo zokuphakama. Kodwa izinkinga ziyokuqala xa umoya wesibhakabhaka uyakhiphwa ngokuthi kungaphansi kwezindleko noma kwezibhakabhaka kule micabha. Lokhu kungakhipha ukusebenzela kwezindleko kakhulu ngama-30% emanye amacase. Ngakho ke ukuvikela kakhulu kuyakhoza ukuthi kudingekile - abasebenzisi bencikekazi bayingcaba ukuthi kufanele bakhombise nekucule imicabha ngokungenalapho ngezinye eziyisithupha ukuze kuhlanjwe amasistimu esebenzako kahle.

Imicabha ye-Condenser: Ukuthola kwezindleko kahle

Lapho ikhondensha yekhondenswa futhi kuyenza futhi kwezinto ezifelayo kuzo, lezi zindlela zaziya konke okunguqu kahle kanye nabo. Zinhle zokuthi zikhona lezi zinto eziphathelene nezinhlobo zokugcina kanye nezokugcina kuzo ezindleleni zokuthi zikhona kancane kakhulu kuzo kwezindlela zokuthi zingelwa yemvula, izingane nezinkelingo eziphezulu kakhulu. Abasebenzisa izinkomba zokucima ukucima ukwehlisa ukucimwa kanye nezindlela zokugcina kwezimali. Uma abantu bakhumbula ukulawula ngokuvamile, izindlela zokugcina kwezimali zingase kugcinwe ukucima kanye nezimali ngama-95% kungu-15 lapho kudingeka ukubuyiswa. Ukucima kwezinye ngosuku olunye lizoqondile kakhulu kanti ukucima kwezimali kunciphisa ukusebenza kazo, okwenza ukuthi kunezindlela zokugcina kwezimali kanye nezindlela zokuthi kunguqulwe kancane kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa ukucima kanye nezindlela zokugcina kwezimali kungu-1 kanye nezindlela zokuthi kunguqulwe kancane kakhulu.

Ivali yekhondensha nezinhlelo zokukhondla ikhondensha

I-TXVs nguqulela ukuthi refrigerant iphumele kusuka kwiindlela ezikhulu ukuya kuziindlela ezincane kwiindawo zokulula. I-EEVs eletu ziyindlela engeyona ngaso sonke isantya sokuphumelela ngokungenaphakathi nge-0.5% ngokulandela imininingwane ngokusheshayo, okwenza yona ngokubaluleka kunezindlela ezindaweni eziyisicaba xa kuhlanganiswa nokuthula kwezinyukelo ngama-12 kuya ngisheshaya ama-18%. Ngokwesicelo sika-ACCA Standard 5, ukulungisa ukungena kwe-refrigerant nokulayisha kahle le ndlela kuthinta ama-40% wokusebenza kwezinye izicathami zokulula. Oku kubalulekile kakhulu kubantu bonke abasebenzisa izicathami zokulula.

Ukusebenza Kwamandla kwiindawo zokulula zasekhaya

I-Rating ye-SEER ne-EER kwiindawo zokulula zasekhaya

Xa kufika kuvavanya amaphakathi ase-rooftop, kukhona izinkomba ezimbili eziphambene nezinye: SEER okungukuthi Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, ne-EER okungukuthi Energy Efficiency Ratio. Inkinobho ye-SEER ithola kuthi yini indlela encane iphakathi lifika kugcwalisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma kweyiphi indlela yekusebenza xa kuhlwa kakhulu lapho ubude bwezulu buphumelela ku-95 degrees ngaphandle bese kudlule kungu-80 degrees ngaphakathi. Manje, amaphakathi amasha angaphikelela ku-SEER amabiwe ku-18 futhi amakinobho ase-EER ahlukahluka ngaphezulu kwe-12.5 ngokwesicelo sase-AHRI lapho sengiphela 2023. Lokhu kuyindlela enkulu yokuthi kungathintekile kakhulu kuneminyaka yami omdala, noma kungaba phakathi kwe-25% kuya kwe-40% okungcono. Lokhu kuthini kusho? Kuyilapho amakinobho amakhulu athola ukuthi kungabi ngelekile kakhulu futhi kungavimisele amaphela okwenza umbango ngokwengeza kwezinsuku.

Ukuthintekile kwe-insulation ne-draft design kwehlela le-efficiency

Izinhloso zokukhanya eziphambene nezokugcina ukushisa kahle zihlabelela uma kudityaniswa nezinsuku zokugcina okungathulile noma ukudwelwa kwezinhloso zokulayisha. Imifanekiso yokushisa ibonisa amakhiwane angagcinanga okushisa ayathe amandla 15–20% wokushisa okugcinwe, kakhulu kwenza umsebenzi wokucindezela. Izinhloso zokulayisha ezihlukile zithatha amandla 30% wokulayisha (ASHRAE, 2023). Izindlela zokusebenza kahle kufanele kube le:

• Ukufaka izinsuku zokugcina ezine-R-8 kuya e-R-12 kumamathiseli wokushisa
• Ukusebenzisa izinhloso zokulayisha ezinekugcina okungaphansi kwe-0.05 perm
• Ukudwelwa kwezinhloso zokulayisha ngendlela yokuthi kwezise ukuphakama kwezinyukelo ngenani le-0.2–0.5 in. w.g.

Lezi zindlela ziyakuhlanganisa ukulayisha okutholakele nezinhloso zokusebenza.

Izinhloso zokulawulwa nezokusebenzela ngokushintsha ukukhanya

Imicabha ye-AC evela kule ndaweni zokufakwa kwasekhaya kunezifakwe nezinhawu zokulawula okuhleli kanye nezinhawu zokugijima isantya esikhulwa ngokuthi VSD, okungenzeka ukuthi zilandele ukushaywa kubo okuthathwa ngokwengeziwe kanye noma ngabe kube yini okudingekayo ngasikhathi. Imishini yokucubatha engenazo VSD ingathwale ukushintshwa kwezimo kanye nezinga lokushaywa kusukela kuma-10% kuya kuma-100%, ngakho-ke azidingi ukuthi izivivane futhi izihlame kakhulu njengoba kwenziwa yizinhloso ezedwa. Uma lezi zinhloso ziphakanyiswa nezinhawu zokulandelela abantu baphi nazo kanye nezinhawu ezithinte ukuthi kutheni kwezulu kushintshwa, izimali zokuthola izicaba zingcina ukuthatha izikhathi eziphakade kwezikhathi zokusebenza kwezingu-25% kuya kuma-40% ngokwesicelo esisha lase-EPA. Sebenzisa isicaba esinamandla angama-20 kanye nezinga elijwayelekile. Uma i-VSD ithiwe, le micabha ingathwale ukuthatha kwezikhwama zokusebenza kusuka kuma-58,000 kuya kuma-34,800 kuma-kilowatt ehlukaniswe ngeminyaka emibili kumaqembu aphansi kwezulu elinemoya oluchanyayo. Ngaphezulu koku gcina amaphesenti e-electricity, le nto ethile enza ukuthi kungcola ukugcina kwezinhawu, okungenzeka ukuthi izifan kanye nezimotolo zilinde kakhulu.

Iintlobo kunye neempilo zoqobo lwe-Air Conditioners

Iimpumelelo zokusebenza kwezithuba zokugcinwa kwezokudlula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcinwa komthambo, neempilo ezihlengahlengiso ngokwemeko yemithambo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ukucacisa le migaqo kungenzela ukhululo olupheleleyo, ukusebenzisa kwezulu kwaye ukuphatha izindleko ngokugcera ngexesha elide.

Ummandla ovela kummandla nganye kunye neempilo zezithuba zasekunene

Imicabha ye-HVAC engenakuphinda kona kusebenza ngendlela enhle xa kubekwa amandla kusukela esikweni esodwa, oku kusebenza kahle kumaqo njengezindlu zokuthenga okusheshayo noma izindlu zokusebenza kwamamakhina apho kudingeka ukuba kube nemiphumela efanayo. Le ndawo encane kakhulu iba yindlela engu-15% kuya endlela engu-20% ngaphansi kwezinye izinhlelo ephakeme. Ngendlela enye, izinhlelo zenhlanzeka zivela ngamandla okuchaza noma ukushisa kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba ngokudluliselana nezinhlanzi zokulungisa. Zisebenza kahle kuzindlu ezikhulu njengamadlinyana noma ezimbetheni apho izidempu ezihlukene kudinga ukuthi kuzo ukulayishwa okuhlukene ngokwesikati.

Izinhlelo zokukhishwa phansi kwezindlu koma izinhlelo zokwahlukanisa

• Izinhlelo eziqediwe : Zibandakanya izinhlelo zokushisa, ukukhishwa kwezulu, nezinhlelo zokulayisha amandla kugqobeni elilodwa lezindlu. Lezi zinhlelo eziqediwe zinakekela ukwenza kwezulu kudoti futhi zinakekela ukwenza uhlelo lwezinyathelo kodwa zidinga ukuthi izindlu zibe nemigwaqo ephakeme.
• Izinhlelo zokwahlukanisa : Kwehla ukuphakama kwe-evaporator yekati kuye nokusekelwe kwe-condenser yephezulu, ukunikeza inkanyamba yokuvakela amakhaya esikhundleni. Noma izindleko zokufaka kwehla ngama-10–25% ngaphezulu, izinhlayiya zokwahlukanisa zenza izinhlobo zokusebenza ngama-10–15% ngaphantsi kwezimo zemvula ephakeme.

Ukulinganisa nezinye izinhlayiya zokulinda kwezimali

Ukuthi kweqwe kwezisitimbi ze-HVAC kuzindaweni zokufakwa kwezindlu kunciphisa amaphuza amaningi ekugcineni kuzindlu, kunciphisa indawo yokugcina yezinto ngaphakathi noma phakathi kwe-60 ukuya kwe-80 phoqelela nezisitimbi eziqwe ngemhlabeni. Izisitimbi zemayi eliboshwe kudinga amapayipi amaningi okungenaphandle aqoqwe kuzindawo zokufakwa nezinye izindawo, ngelokho izisitimbi zokufaka kuzindaweni zokufakwa zenza ngendlela eyodwa ngokusebenzisa ukuncipha ngokugcwele, okungukuthi zifisa kakhulu xa kunezinguquko zokunye zokunqunywa. Kekhaya lapho iklimu liyinkimbinkimbi, ukuxhuma kwezisitimbi zokufaka kuzindaweni nezinye izindlela ziyindlela encodwa. Abanye amakhampani axhuma nazo nezisitimbi zokwenza umphumela wokunqunywa ngezinsuku zomhla fokwenza nazo nezisitimbi zokunqunywa ngemvula yemali yezulu ngokuphelele. Le ndlela ikhomba iziphumo ezinhle kabaningi fokwenzela ukuthi izinto zisebenze ngendlela elula noma lapho kunezinguquko ezinkimbinkimbi zokunye.

Izindlela zokuphepha kahle kwezisitimbi zokufaka kuzindaweni zokufakwa

Ukubheka ngokwemhla kwezifishi nezilayithi

Ukwenza uhlelo lwesinye ngaso nyaka kwezifilta zokushisa nezikhombisi zokuvuleka kungavimba ukudluliswa kwezimali ezenza imishini yokushisa nokukhanya isebenza ngokuphakade nge-15% ngokwesicatshulwa sika-ASHRAE ngonyaka wesidlulile. Kuzifilta ezinemigca, abakhubeki bonke baletha ukuthi kufanele zilungulwe ngesinye ngaso nyaka, noma kungenzeka ukuthi izindlu ezikhathini ezinepollen noma unyawo kudinga ukulungiswa njalo ngekuphela kwinyanga. Xa ungena kule nyangeni zokulandela izinyanga, cinga ukuthi usuke ukujonga izikhombisi zokuvuleka ukuba bezinyani noma kungapheliwe. Noma yisipheqululo esincane njengesicathu esilodwa esikhanyisiwe sengaphansi kungakhetha ukusebenza kwezokuvuleka nge-8%, okuqala kungaba yindlela yokwenza izindleko zokusebenza nezokulula.

Ukucima izikhombisi zokuvuleka ukuvikela ukusebenza ngokuhle

Yindlela kwecondenser coils kimbini ngonyaka ukuze ubukele kakhulu. I-0.04-inch layer yemfudu ingase kwehlisa SEER ngo-1.5 points. Sebenzisa iziphasha eziphezulu kanye nezicelo eziqinisekisiweyo yase-EPA ukususa izinto ezingcono ngaphandle kokulungisa izicathami ezinhle. Le ndlela yokwenza kumele kubangela ukuthi i-HVAC units zibe ne-95% yazo yokuqala ngemva kwezikhombisa.

Izinketho zokuhlola ngaphambi kwezindlela nezimali ezingcono ngokude

Ukwenza uhlelo lwe-professional maintenance kimbini ngonyaka kuthula izindleko zokulungisa ngo-40% kanye nobude bokuphila kwezinhlelo ku-20+ iminyaka (NFPA 2023). Abasebenzi abaqinisekisiwe kufanele bavume ukuthi irefrigerant charge kwi-±5% tolerance, bethinte amacapacitor, baleke izinkqubo zokuxhumana ngezindlela zokuthi kungaphansi kwemikro-arcing. Izifakelo ezilandela uhlelo lwezinketho zokuhlola kumele kuthole izindleko ezi-35% ngaphansi kwe-ownership total kumaqina akho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini irooftop air conditioners ingaphandle kwezintambo zokulinda umoya?

Izikhulu zokulula kwezinyukela zifakwa kumlonyene, zikhuphela indawo yekhaya kanye nezinga lelolwandle. Zihlanganisa amahhala nezimali eziphinde zikhombisa, zilungisa ukusebenza ngokudinga ukuze kwenziwe ukulawulwa kwezinkantolo ngokuhle.

Yiziphi izicaba eziphambene nezikhulu zokulula kwezinyukela?

Izicaba eziphambene kuzo kufaka kumapheya, amaphoyila wokulula, amaphoyila wokuxila kanye nezivalve yokunyuka. Ngasemunye uyaphela indima ebalulekile kumthwakelo wokulula kanye nokuphatha intshuku.

Kunjani ukulinganiswa kwezintshuku ekululeni izikhulu zokulula kwezinyukela?

Ukulinganiswa kwezintshuku kulinganiswa ngokushela i-SEER (Isilinganiso seSonthe seSonthe seZintshuku) kanye nezinalo eziyi-EER (Isilinganiso seZintshuku seZintshuku), oku kubala ukusebenza ngemvula kanye nezinye iintsuku ezikhulu.

Ngakanani kufanele kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwezikhulu zokulula kwezinyukela?

Ukulungiswa okuthe ngokwethu kufaka kumakhweyana okulingana nekhothlolo kwaye ukulungiswa kwezikhulu ngemvula yashumi kanye nezinye zeminyaka ukulawulwa kwezintshuku kanye nokugcina kwekhathuthi.