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Umbuzo Wokwenzela Kwakho Wokubhala Kwamaphetha Okukhula Kwemithombo Yokuqala Yokugcina Amasiko
Kubafundisa amaphoyisa eminyaka nezimpilo zemithambo, ukukhetha isikhululo sesikhumba sokuhlanza kuyisahluko esibalulekile kakhulu kwendlela yokwakha isikhululo sokuhlanza kwezindustria. Isikhululo sesikhumba sikhiyiselwa ngokusebenzisa iyunithi eyithi "ton." Kodwa, ekhaya lokuhlanza, i-"ton" ayisibonelo sesihlalo. Kuyisibonelo sesikhululo sokuhlanza. I-"one ton of refrigeration" iyisibonelo sesikhululo sokuhlanza sokufuna ukususa umthelela wokuhlanza okufanele ukususa isikhumba sesikhumba sokubhola ngemvula ngeminyaka yezintathu. Lokhu kufanana nokuthi kususa i-British Thermal Units ezintathu ngemihora. Noma lokhu kubonisa isibonelo esifanayo sokulinganisa izinhlangano, isikhululo sokugcina esibhalwe kusuka kumthambo wokuphatha akuyiyo isikhululo sokugcina esihlanganisiwe ngokwempilo kwezindustria. Ukuziqonda ubunzima bezinhlangano zokuhlanza, izinto ezinconywa ngokuhlanza kwezindustria, nezindlela zokubala ngokucophelela isikhululo esifunekayo kuyisidingo sokungabikho izimfushane zokufaka isikhululo esikhulu kakhulu noma esincane kakhulu.
Umfundo wokugcina kwe-Ton
Isivinini sokuqondisa kuyisikhundla sokuzimisa esihlukileyo esibonakalisa isikhathi sokugcina amaphetha. Kodwa, sisebenza njengesikhundla sokuzimisa kwe-HVAC yezindustria eNorth America. Amasistimu okuzilahleka ayasebenzisa ngamakhanda amancane, kodwa amasistimu okuzilahleka kwezindustria ayasebenza kusuka kumathoni emithathu kuya kumathoni angaphezu kwezikhombisa ezinkulu ukuzimisa izinkinga zokuzimisa ezikhulu ezibonakalisa ngamashini, amalayiti, nokuzimisa kokuphatha. Ukuguqula ukuzimisa kwezinkinga zokuzimisa okuzimiselwe ngama-BTU/h kuma-tons kuyindlela enzima yokugcina. Kodwa, ukusebenzisa lokhu kwezinto zokuzimisa kuyinzima ngoba ukuzimiselwa kwenziwa ngemiphumela yezifundo zokuzimisa ezingenabizo. Lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi kufuneka kubhekwe isikhathi sokuhamba kwezindawo zokuhamba kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba kwezindawo zokuzilahleka. Kwezindawo zokuzilahleka, isikhathi sokuhamba kuyizinkulu, futhi umoya ungafanani. Ngakho-ke, isistimu esizimiselwe ukuzimisa kwezinkinga zokuzimisa kungazimisa izinkinga zokuzimisa ezinkulu ngama-10 kuya kuma-20% emsebenzini wakho. Ukuzimisa kahle kufuneka kubhekwe isikhundla sokuzimisa esikhethekileyo sokuzilahleka ukuzimisa izinkinga zokuzimisa zokuzilahleka.
Indima Yokuphakamisa Kwemithambo Yokuqhubeka
Kwisikhundla sesayensi, umkhawulo wokuchitha kungabikho ngokuphakeme kwezulu noma kwezintemperatya zangaphandle. Kungabikho ngokuphakeme kwemvelo yezindawo zokusebenza. Lokhu kuyindlela eyahlukene kakhulu kwezindawo zokuzalwa noma kwezindawo zokusebenza komphakathi. Amamotori, amaphutha, amakomphresor, izindawo zokugqamisa, namasistimu okuqondisa ayathabatha imvelo yezindawo zokusebenza. Umotori omkhulu osebenzisa ngokuphakeme ungaqala imvelo ethi yinkulungwane yezindawo zokusebenza eziphansi. Nakalezi zinto zokusebenza zokuzalwa ziyakha imvelo yezindawo zokusebenza. Izindlela zokubeka izilumkiso ezihlukene ziyakha imvelo yezindawo zokusebenza. Uma umthengisi uchazela umkhawulo wokuchitha kwisekhundla, kufanele aqonde konke okusebenzayo. Kufanele akhutshwe amaphepha esibonelo sokusebenza noma isilinganiso sokusebenza ngokuphakeme. Isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa sisebenzisa ukuthi akukho zinto zokusebenza zizosebenza ngokuphakeme ngokuhlanganisa. Ukungakhathali le mvelo yezindawo zokusebenza kuyisiphetho esiphezulu sokuchitha.
Ukuhlaka Kwe-Envelope Yokubhala
Nakuba izilwana zokusebenza ngaphakathi ziyakhokha, i-envelope yokubhala still ibhekisele kakhulu ekuthinteni kwesikhathi sokuchitha. Isibhakabhaka esingasolwanga noma esisolwanga kangako sithatha isithunzi sokuzimela futhi sithinta isikhathi sokuchitha ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziphathelene. Amajini angenasibonelo sokuzimela sibhekisele kakhulu ekuthinteni kwesithunzi, ikakhulukazi emaphakathini aseSontjini neSobhekhile. Ukufihla kwendawo yamandla ngaphansi kwamadokhi angavunyelwa noma ngemigqa yezindawo zokubhala kuyabhekisa ukuthinta kwezithunzi nokuthinta kwezihlathi. Ukuphakama kwesihlathi sangaphandle kuyisidingo esikhulu kumazwe amaningi, njengoba isistimu yokuchitha kufanele isebenze ngamandla amaningi ukuqondisa umoya. Lokhu kuyizinkinga zokuchitha ezinamandla amaningi, okuyakwenza ukuthi izinkinga zokuchitha zizwe ngaphezu kwezinye. Ukubala kwezinkinga kufanele kuhlanganise imboni yeklima yendawo, izivale zesi-U zezinto zokubhala, nokubala kokufihla kwezindawo.
Imithodo Yokubala Kwesinkinga Yendustri
Imithambo yokubala okuphakanyisiweyo esebenzisa kubhekisela emakhaya ayisifanele kumathuba emisebenzi. Le mithambo ibhekisela kumabhangi apho umkhawulo wokugcina kuyizinyathelo zokugcina ngemifula kanye nokufika kwesibhubhesi ngemifula. Kumbhanga, umkhawulo wokugcina wokusebenza kuyinkulu kune-umkhawulo wokugcina wokubhala. Abafundi bokusebenza baphatha imithambo eyinkulu, njenge-Heat Balance Method kanye ne-Radiant Time Series method ephendulwa ku-ASHRAE Handbook. Le mithambo ibidinga ukuchaza ngokujulile kusonke isikhumba, okuhlinzeka izindlela zokugcina zokubhala, isibhubhesi, ukusebenza kuka-occupancy, ukubhala kwezilampu, kanye nokusebenza kwemithombo. Umphumela wokubala uyaphendula kubukho kwemboni yezinto zokusebenza, njenge-power rating yomthombo, izinhlobo zokusebenza, kanye ne-duty cycles. Uma kubhekiswe kahle, le mithambo iyathola umkhawulo wokusebenza owahlukene nesilinganiso sokugcina kwezinto zokusebenza.
Ukubala Kwempilo Kukubhekisa Kokubhala Kwesibonelo
Kusukela kubanzi labo abakhuseleko abangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokulinganisa ngokuphelele, ukulinganisa okubhekisele kumthetho ungathola imiphumela emihle. Umhlabathi wenza kuqala ngokulinganisa umkhawulo wokugcina ngokusebenzisa izintemperetsha zokudesign eziphakeme kuleli leli. Emva kwalokho uyongeza ngokuthembekile amandla angaphakathi ayo esithuthi, ngokusebenzisa isibalo sokuhlanganisa ukuze sibone ukusebenza kwabantu ngokufanayo. Umkhawulo wokungena kwezilwane zokuphatha nokushisa kwezilwane zokuvula kufuneka kungekwe. Isibalo sokuhlanganisa sifuneka kungekwe ukuze sibone izimo ezingazange zizwa futhi ukuzwelela kumaqondo amasha. Le ndlela iyisikhundla esihle kakhulu kulokho okungafanele kahle okungasemthethweni okungavunyelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi ukushisa kwezilwane kuyisiphumo esikhulu.
Izinkinga Zokukhulula Okungafanele
Ukukhetha isikondisiyonela amafutha okunye noma okuncane kakhulu kwezindawo ziyabuyisa izinkinga eziningi. Isikondisiyonela esikhulu kakhulu sifutha indawo ngokushisayo. Sifika kumilingo wokugcina we-thermostat ngokushisayo futhi sivulela, kodwa sibuyisela ukuvula eminyakeni emibili. Lokhu kucabanga ukuthi isikondisiyonela asifike ku-“steady-state efficiency”. Amatshe amancane akungakwazi ukubeka amafutha emkhathini yokuqondisa amafutha, futhi amafutha endawo ayisiphambano nokuzimela. Ukuvula nokuvula kwesikondisiyonela kusiza kwezinto zokusebenza ngokushisayo, futhi kubiza ukuphatha kwezinto zokusebenza, okubiza ukuphatha kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nokuphatha kwezindlela zokulungisa. Isikondisiyonela esincane kakhulu kufuneka sisebenze ngokuphansi kokuphansi kwezinkathi zokuphansi. Akakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkathi zokuphansi, izinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkathi zokuphansi, kanye nezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkathi zokuphansi. Umphakathi wokuphansi uyaphakama, futhi izinto zokusebenza ziyaphakama. Isikondisiyonela sisebenza ngokuphansi kwezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkinga zokuphansi, futhi ukusebenza kwezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkinga zokuphansi kwezinkinga zokuphansi.
Ukuthi Iziphakamiso Zokuhlela Zisivumela Ukusebenza Okuphelele
Ukusebenza kwezinsuku zezikhumba zokugcina kuyaphendula kubukhulu bekhothama nokwenza kwazo. Ukusebenza kwe-compressor, ukuphatha kwe-fin yecoil, nokuphatha kwebhothi yokudirekisa konke kusivumela isistimu ukuthi sisebenze ngokwesilinganiso sakho. Abahleli abasebenzisa izindlela zokuhlela eziqinisekisiwe, njenge-ISO 9001, bakhuluma izinhlobo zezifundo zokusebenza ngokujulile ngeminye imizamo. Kusukela ekufundiseni isistimu entsha ukuze ubhekise indawo yokuproduka ngokuphelele, ukuxhumana nebhahliyini enomthetho wokuhlela kusivumela ukuthi isiphiwo siyasebenza ngokuphelele ngeminyaka.