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Izindlela zokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo nezokuvula ngokugcina phakathi kwezindawo ezingaphezulu zokusebenza
Kubathathu kwezindawo zokuthengisa nokubhala izinkampani, isisitembe se-ventilation yisisebenzi esikhulu sokusebenzisa amandla. Izisitembe zesikhundla sezinkampani zisebenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuba kuyisimo sesihlwa, okubangela ukungafanele kakhulu ekuseni lomkhondo lwezinsuku ezinomthwalo. Indlela engeyona yokuqonda, eyizwiwa ngokuthi yi-hybrid noma i-climate-adapted ventilation, iyathatha izimilo zezulu nezinye izinto zokukhanya ukuze zithunywe amanzi amasha nokuhlula umoya ngokuphelele. Le ndlela ayikhubaze isisitembe sesikhundla; kuyabhalwa ngokuhlanganisa nayo isisitembe sesemoyeni. Ekuseni lomkhondo lwezinsuku ezinomthwalo, indawo ibhala amafenesitri amashaya nokubhala amafenesitri okuvula ukuze aqonde amanzi amasha. Ekuseni lomkhondo lwezinsuku ezinomthwalo omkhulu noma emva kokubhala umoya wesihlwa akufanele, isisitembe sesikhundla sibhala ngokuphelele. Le ndlela yokubhala ngokuphelele iyabhekisa ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa amandla wesisisitembe sesikhundla ngokuphelele, futhi iyabhalisa umoya osheshayo nokuziphatha kahle kwendawo. Ukuziqonda izindlela zokubhala umoya wesemoyeni, indima yezicelo zokubhala nokubhala izisitembe zokubhala, nokuhlanganisa ukubhala amandla kuyisisekelo sokubhala indawo engeyona.
Ukuhlola Amandla Okungenisa Umoya Ngokwemvelo
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha uhlelo lokungenisa umoya oluhlanganisiwe ukuhlaziya isimo sezulu sendawo ngokucophelela. Akwanele ukwazi izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo. Umklami kumelwe aqonde ijubane nendawo umoya ovunguza kuyo, amazinga okushisa ashintshashintsha nsuku zonke, kanye namazinga omswakama. Ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sezulu esipholile, esingasolwandle, umoya ovunguza ebusuku ungasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okuqongelela emini. Le nqubo iqala ukuphoqa isakhiwo ngosuku olulandelayo, inciphise umthwalo wokupholisa ohlelweni oluhlanganisa izinto. Inkomba yomoya ovundlile yemvelo iyindlela yokulinganisa ukuthi mangaki amahora ngonyaka umoya ovundlile ongasebenza. Lolu lwazi luqondisa izinqumo zokuqala zokwakha, luqinisekise ukuthi isakhiwo siqondiswe kahle nokuthi iminyango inobukhulu obufanele. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlolwa okuqhutshwa idatha, uhlelo lungaba lukhulu kakhulu, okuholela ezindlekweni ezingadingekile zensimbi, noma lube ngaphansi, olungabeka engozini induduzo yabagibeli.
Ukudesigna ukusuka nokugcina umoya phakathi kwemithambo
Ukungenisa umoya ngendlela engokwemvelo kuncike emandleni amabili ayinhloko: umphumela wokubekwa phansi komoya nokucindezela komoya. Umphumela we-stack uqhutshwa amandla okuphakama. Umoya ofudumele ongaphakathi endlini awuvamile kunomoya opholile ongaphandle futhi uvele wenyuke. Esakhiweni esinezitezi eziningi, lo moya ofudumele ungaphuma ngemihubhe ephakeme, njengasemaphashini okuphefumulela ophahleni noma e-atrium ephakathi. Njengoba umoya ofudumele uphuma, udonsa umoya ohlanzekile opholile ungene ngemigodi esezansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya ovunguza ngokuqondile ushayelwa umoya. Lapho umoya ushaya isakhiwo, udala indawo enengcindezi ephezulu ohlangothini oluvunguza umoya nendawo enengcindezi ephansi ohlangothini oluvunguza umoya. Ngokubeka amafasitela asebenzayo ngokuqondile ezinhlangothini zombili zesakhiwo, umklami angasebenzisa lokhu kwehluka kwengcindezi ukuze aqhube umoya endaweni ehlala abantu. Imiklamo ephumelela kakhulu ihlanganisa zombili lezi zimiso, isebenzisa i-atrium ephakathi njengoshimula oshisayo kuyilapho amahhovisi aseduze enenzuzo yokungenisa umoya. Ukumodeliswa kwe-computational fluid dynamics kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umklamo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphethini okuhamba komoya alungile nokuthi induduzo yokushisa iyagcinwa.
Ukubala kwe-System nge-Dynamic Simulation
Ngamadlulazini, izisifundo sezinye zokugcina zasetyenziswa ukubala izisifundo zokugcina ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzibona ngokwanele, okwakho kuthiwa kuzoba nezinto ezingaphezulu kwezidingo. Lokhu kusetha imali ne-energi ngokungafanele. Izindlela zokudesign zasezinsizini zisisebenzisa i-dynamic simulation. Le software ibhalisa ukusebenza kwesikhumba ngemihla yonke, kubhekana ne-climate, isikhumbuzo sokusebenzisa isikhumba, nokuphakama kwezindlela zokugcina ezindaweni zokusebenza. Ngokusimula amaqhina amaningi wezindlela zokusebenza, umthengi uyakwazi ukubala izinkinga zokugcina ngokucacile. Umzekelo, indawo enkulu yokuthenga iyadinga ukuthi kubekwe amanzi amasha aphezulu ngomso omtsha wendlela yaseSathurday, kodwa kuyadinga ukuthi kubekwe amanzi amasha angaphezulu ngomso omtsha wendlela yaseMondi. Ngokubala isisifundo ukuthi kufanele kubekwe ngokulinganayo kwezinkinga zezinsizini zonke, akukho kwezinkinga zokuphezulu kakhulu, umthengi uyakwazi ukunciphisa ukubala kwezinkinga zokugcina kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthi kubekwe kwezinkinga zokugcina kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ngokucacile kwezinkinga zokugcina ngokuphakama okungaphezulu.
Ukuhlanganisa i-ASHRAE 62.1 nge-ventilation engeziwe ngokufunda ukusebenza kwezindawo
I-standa ye-ASHRAE 62.1 ibeka amaqhezu amancane okuvela kwemithombo yezindawo ezihlukene, okuyinto ekufanele kube yindlela yokubona ubunzima be-IAQ (indoor air quality). Kodwa, izincazelo zokufunda ezingaphansi kwe-standa ziyabonisa ukuthi izindawo zizifundwa ngokuphelele, okungakho kubalulekile kwezinhloso zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa i-ventilation engeziwe ngokufunda ukusebenza kwezindawo (DCV) kukho indlela yokugcina lebomvu. Ngokusebenzisa i-sensors ye-CO₂ ukubona ukusebenza kwemithombo yezindawo, isistimu iyakwakha ukuthi kuthathe amaqhezu amancane wezindawo ngokushesha. Uma izindawo zingafundwa ngokuphelele, isistimu iyakwakha ukuthi kuthathe amaqhezu amancane, okususa umsebenzi wamafan kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwamadivayisi wezindawo. I-logic yokubhekisela kufanele ikhulunywe ngokucophelela ukuze sibone ukuthi iqhezu lokusebenza ngomuntu ngamunye alingaphansi kweqhezu elincane le-ASHRAE 62.1. Le ndlela iyakubiza ukuthi kuthathelwe amandla ngokungafani nokubonakaliswa kwe-IAQ.
Umdla wezindawo ezikhuluma ngokwesibonelo
Izisikhangeli sezinye zokuvula zasezulwini zisifundisa ukuthi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokwahlukanisa indawo yokuqala ku-maphakathi amahlanu okuhlanganiswa ngokwesibonelo. Umphakathi wenyethi uyabukwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zezixhobo zokubuka i-CO₂, isikhathi, nokubukwa kwezindawo ezihlanganayo. Uma umphakathi awusizi, isisikhangeli sibuka ngokuzenzakalela izihlangothi, sokuthintela umoya othintele ngokuphambuka kumaqondiso apho akhululekile. Lokhu kususa ukuthwasa kwemisebenzi yokuvula izindawo zokuhlakanisa noma izihlangu. Izivumelwano zokuhlanganisa zokuhlanganisa zingasiza ekufundiseni ukuthi izindawo zokuhlakanisa ziyahlakanisa njani futhi zizilungise izimali zokuvula ngokuphambuka. Isibonelo, isisikhangeli singasiza ekufundiseni indawo yokuhlakanisa ema-15 minithi kabefore ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kuyahlakanisa, ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi indawo iyahlakanisa uma abantu bafika. Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi ukwahlukanisa kuyisikhangeli sokuvula kusukela kwezinye zokuvula zokuthintela kumaqondiso okuthintela ngokuphambuka.
Ukudibanisa Ukuthintela Kwamandla Ngokuphelele
Isiqhelo sesiqondiso sokusebenza kahle siyokuthola umsebenzi wokubuyisela imithwalo. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela imithwalo wabuyisela imithwalo yezimilo ezingenayo kumoya ophuma futhi wabuyisela kumoya omusha oyingenayo. Lokhu kusobala umoya waphandle, kubeka ubuncinane beziphepho zokuphakama nokuhlula. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinkampani zokubuyisela imithwalo zokuphakama, okuzoba yizimilo zokuphakama kuphela, nezinkampani zokubuyisela imithwalo, okuzoba yizimilo zokuphakama nokubuyisela imithwalo yezimilo zokuhlula, kuyiphakade kusobala ukuthi kuyisifundo. Kulezindawo ezinamaphuzu amaningi, ukubuyisela imithwalo yezimilo zokuhlula kuyisivumelwano esihle sokulawula imiphumela yamaphuzu. Kulezindawo ezinamaphuzu amaningi, ukubuyisela imithwalo yezimilo zokuphakama kuyisivumelwano esihle. Isikhundla esihle sokubuyisela imithwalo singabuyisela isigaba esikhulu semithwalo esingalwa ngokuvamile. Lokhu kucindezela ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwemithwalo yeziphepho zokuphakama nokuhlula ngonyaka.
Ukuthi Ukwenza Okuhle Kuyakubiza Iphuzu Lempilo Yendlela Yokuphatha
Ukusebenza kwezinsuku eziningi kwe-ventilation system eyisibini kuyaphendula kumkhakha wokusebenza kwamaphakathi akhe. Ukungafani kwe-dampers, ukusebenza kwe-energy recovery wheel, nokuphawula kwe-CO₂ sensors konke kubandakanya ekusebenzeni kwe-system ukudala ukuziphatha ngokuhle nakulokho okukunceda ukuthi kusave ukusebenza. Abahambisi abayisebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha okuhle, njengoko kubonisiwe ngu-ISO 9001, bakhupha amathilimi okusebenza okuphelele phambi kokuthi amasipho ayenqaba emagumbini. Kusukela ku-“building owner” ongavuna isikrini sokusebenza kwe-ventilation ukuze ahlulele izindlela zokusebenza futhi ayalise ukuziphatha kwezinkundla, ukuxhumana nebhahambisi ongasebenza ngokujabulisayo nokuphatha ngokuhle kusinika umthwalo wokuthi ukuvuna kuyakunika ukubuyiselwa okukhulunywa ngokuphelele.