Ziziphi izindlela zokusebenza ngokuhle ukufaka imithambo yokubuyisela umthelela phakathi kwezinye izinye (air to air heat recovery systems) emazinkhospitale?

Izinkinga Zokufaneleka Kwezimithombo Nezinkinga Zokulawula Kokuphatha

I-ASHRAE 170, Izimithombo Zase-FGI, Nezinkinga Zase-CDC Ngokubuyisela Kwamandla Kwezinyezi Kwezinyezi Kwezihlangu: Ukufakwa Kwemithombo Yasezihlangu

Kukhona ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi kuzameke ngamathuluzi okususa imithwalo emkhakheni emthwalo kwezinye izindawo zokuphatha amakhono, ukuthi kuzameke ngamathuluzi amaningi okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuphatha amakhono. Lezi ziqukethwe ku-ASHRAE Standard 170, izindlela zokusebenza zase-Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI), futhi zonke izinqumo zase-CDC zokuphatha ukugqibela ukugqibela. Lezi ziqukethwe zisiza izimali yezindawo zokuphatha amakhono, okusho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngamaphuzu ama-6 kuya kuma-12 ngamahora kwezindawo apho abantu bakhona kakhulu. Kunezinkulumo eziningi zokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi izilayili zokuphatha amakhono nezilayili zokuphatha amakhono ziyaseparatwa ngokuphelele ukuze zingabambisani futhi zisize ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi k......

Izinketho Ezizokungavunyelwa: Izinkinga Zokugcina Kwezinto Ezihlukene Nezindlela Zokuphuma Ngokwesibonelo Se-ASHRAE 170–2021

Isibhakabhaka se-Amerika sika-Health Care Engineering sisilalela amawheel ase-rotary heat kumagumbi okugcina ngokuphelele ngoba aqiniseka izinkinga zokugcina kwezinye izinto. Uma lezi zixhuma, izinye izinyathelo ezincinci ziyagubha kusuka kumoya wokuqala ukuya kumoya wesibili. Ngokwesikhundla sika-ASHRAE esiphakathi kwe-2021, amasithili angafuneki akhiphe amoya okukhupha kungenani ku-5% kwezindawo ezingaqondakali kakhulu. Kwezindawo apho abantu banezimpilo ezincinci noma badinga ukuthuluzwa, akukho indawo yokuqondwa komoya owenziweyo ngokuphelele. Amadoda asebhabhathini ayalandela ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe isikhundla sokuguqula umoya kungaphezu kwe-1 inch phakathi kwezintambo zomoya futhi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kusebenziswe indlu enemigqa emibili. Ukungafanisi lezi zizindleko kuyisibonelo sokuhamba ngaphandle kwamalungiselelo amahle okuhlanganisa. Izivivinyo zama-FDA ezinguquko zezinhlelo zokugcina zazibonisa ukuthi izihlangothi zokugcina zomoya zingabi ngekhaya kakhulu. Umhlangothi owavumelana nokuvumela izimboni zomoya emazikhulini wabonisa ukuthi amazikhuli atholakala izinhlelo zokugcina zomoya ezingafanisi ngokuphelele azibona ubunzima obungu-12% kwezinkanyezi zase-ICU kunye namazikhuli atholakala izinhlelo zokugcina zomoya ezingafanisi ngokuphelele.

Ukukhetha kwe-System Ngokwesibonelo se-Risk ye-Clinical ne-Integrity yama-Air Stream

Amawheel e-Heat Recovery vs. Amacoil e-Run-Around kwe-Isolation AHUs: Ukuchaza kwe-Risk okuphathelene

Kukhona ukuthi lapho kufakwa imithambo yokuqondisa amafutha (AHUs) kumazikhundla okugcina, ukulawula ukuphathwa kweminyanya kumele kubhekwe phambi kokulawula ukusebenza kwamandla. Imithambo yokubuyisela umthelelo wamandla ibhala phakathi kwamafutha okuhamba ngaphandle nokuhamba ngaphakathi, kodwa kwenza izinkinga zokuthi izinto ezingavamile nezinhloso zizohambisa ngokujulile. Nakuba le mithambo iyisivumelwano sesifunda esihle sika-ASHRAE 170-2021 (njengoko kubhekwa ukuthi ukubhala kungaphezu kwe-0.5% emazikhundleni okuzimisele), kusenekho isibonelo sokuthi kungabikho ukuthi kubhalelwe. Imithambo yokubhala ngaphandle yezindawo ziyinkimbinkimbi eziningi ngoba zihlanganisa amafutha ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa ukubhala ngaphandle kwezindawo zokubhala ngaphandle kwezindawo. Nakuba le mithambo ayizange zibe nesilinganiso esiphelele njengalokho kwezithambo (ngokuvamile kusilinganiso se-40-60% ngaphansi kwe-60-80%), ukulinganisa kwamafutha ngokuphelele kuyisici sokuvikela esibalulekile. Kuma-pacients abanemithambo yokuqondisa amafutha engaphambili, ngokuvamile abasebenzisa emazikhundleni okuvikela noma abahlanganisa emithambo yokubuyisela umthelelo wamandla yomthambo wokubuyisela umthelelo wamandla, imithambo yokubhala ngaphandle yezindawo ziyinkimbinkimbi eziningi ngokuvamile nakuba zingaphansi kwezilinganiso zokusebenza.

Ukugxilwa kwe-HEPA nokubeka kwezindlela zokuhlanganisa amaqhaza

Izihlungi ze-HEPA ezingase zibambe okungenani amaphesenti angu-99.97 ezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obungu-0.3 microns noma ngaphezulu kudingeka zifune izishintshi zokushisa ukuze amagciwane angangeni. Imigudu yokuthutha nokukhishwa kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kulo lonke uhlelo. Lokhu kusho ukuwelda izintambo ngokuqhubekayo, ukugcina imizila ingaxhunyiwe komunye nomunye, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukungena kuvaliwe kahle. Ezindaweni zokuxhuma phakathi kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene, ama-damper angathinteki ngokucindezela asebenza ndawonye nemishini yokuvala ezenzakalelayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuphelela kwesistimu. Lezi zindlela zokuhlola zenziwa minyaka yonke ngokuhlola igesi yokulandelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke kusebenza ngendlela okuhloswe ngayo. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ndawonye nengcindezi eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emakamelweni nokugcina izinguquko zomoya eziphelele ezingu-12 ngehora kunciphisa izifo endaweni yokuhlinza cishe ngo-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezincike ekucindezelweni okungekuhle. Ezindaweni lapho iziguli zithola khona ukwelashwa okubucayi nalapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlinza, kudingeka kube nezendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuhlunga umoya we-HEPA ukuze umoya uphinde ungene emjikelezweni.

Imithambo Yokuphatha Iphresha, Ukugcina Kwezindawo, nokuhlanganisa Isistimu Ngemithambo Emele

Ukufunda ukuthi ukulawula ipresha kuyisisekelo esikhulu uma kufuneke kubhekwe ukuthi kungafani ngezinkokhelo ezihlukene kwezinhlangano zokuvikela izihlathi zokuhlanza izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi zokuvikela izihlathi......

Ukuqonda Kwemisebenzi Yomthelela, Ukuphila Kwezinkinga, Nomthwalo Wokugcina Umkhakha

Ukuthatha Kwemisebenzi Yomthelela Nokusebenza Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza: Umzekelo Wokubhalwa Kwezinkampani Zokusebenza Ngokwezinye Zokuhlola LEED-NC v4.1

Lapho kusakazwa ngendlela efanele kumaziko okusebenza kwemithombo yezempilo, izinhlangano zokuvula izinhlangothi zokubuyela umthelela ku-inhlangothi zokuvula kusinika ukuthatha kwemisebenzi yomthelela ngempela nokuphila kwezinkinga ngokwengeziwe kumaziko okusebenza ngokwengxenye yezimpilo. Amahospitale atholakile ngokwezinye zokuhlola LEED-NC v4.1 abonile ukuthi ukusebenza kwabanye amathuluzi okuhlanza umthelela akhala phakathi kwe-18 ne-32%, lokhu kucindezela ukuthatha kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. Ngasinye lezi zikhaya zisibeka isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngapansi kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza sibe yisikhathi sokusebenza ngap......

• Ukuphila Kwemithwalo : Amaphetha okugcina imizimba ohlukile ngokwezinkinga zokuhlupha, abhalwe ukusebenza kusukela eminyakeni eyi-20 kumizimba yezinkathi eziningi, nezinkinga zokuhlupha zokuhlela ngokwesibonelo
• Ukubalwa kwezinkinga zokusebenza : Izilumkiso zokubhekisela kuzo izilumkiso zokuguqula ukusebenza, zikwenza ukuthi kwenziwe ukusebenzisa phambi kokungasebenzi
• Ukugcina kwekharboni : Ukunciphisa okubhalwe kakhulu kwemitha ethathu amashumi amabili nemitha enye ye-CO₂e ngalokho kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 ngalokho kusukela kwi-ASHRAE Journal (2023)

Ukubonisa ukuthi isebenza kusukela emva kokuvuleka—ngokusebenzisa izimodeli zokugcina imizimba eziyinhloko, ukubala kwayo kusukela emva kokuvuleka, nokubonisa ukuthi isebenza kusukela emva kokuvuleka ngamaphetha amathathu—kuyinika ukuthi isebenza esihlukile sifanana nesilinganiso sesikhundla, sokubonisa ukuthi ubunzima bezimali nothando lwabantu lwezinsuku zokusebenza kusukela emva kokuvuleka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Izimali zizidinga ukuthi zisebenze njani uma zivula izisigaba sezinkampani zokugcina imizimba? Izimali zizidinga ukuthi zisebenze ngokwezimali zika-ASHRAE Standard 170, izimali zika-FGI, nezimali zika-CDC zokulindela ukuthi akufanele kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho ukuthi kubekho......
• Kungani izikhala zokugqibela kwezinye zizokhathazwa kumakhaya okugqibela? Izikhala zokugqibela zizokhathazwa kumakhaya okugqibela ngoba ziyabika imithwalo yezindawo ezihlukene ngokuthintana kwezinye zezinye. Ukulandela imithwalo ye-ASHRAE kusiza ekuphepheleni kokubhixa kwezindawo eziphambili.
• Ukuchaphazela phakathi kwezikhala zokugqibela nezikhala zokuzihlukanisa kuyiphi? Izikhala zokugqibela zihambisa phakathi kwezinye zezinye nezinye zezinye, futhi ziyakwenzela ukuthintana kwezindawo, ngakho-ke izikhala zokuzihlukanisa zisebenzisa ukuthintana kwemifanekiso yomgodi wokugcina umkhondo wokuhambisa ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuthintana kwezinye zezinye, futhi ziyisafeli kwezindawo eziphambili nakuba zingamnandi kakhulu.
• I-HEPA filters zinjengeziphi ngokuvikela isifo? I-HEPA filters zihlamba amaphuzu angu-99.97%, kusiza ekuvikeleni amasiko ekufakweni kwezinye. Zifakwa emva kwezikhala zokugqibela ukuze kuvikeleke ukuthintana kwezinye zezinye.
• Ukuvikela iphresha kuyasebenza kanjani ekuvikelweni kwamasiko emhlabathi? Ukudibanisa imithwalo kusobala ukulinganisa phakathi kwezindawo, ngokuthi izindawo zokuhlanza ziyasebenza ngemithwalo yokuqondisa futhi izindawo zokusebenza ziyasebenza ngemithwalo yokuqonda, ngalesikhathi kungahlinzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buphinde baphume.