Kungani Ukuba Isikhangeli Esihle Sokushisa Kumele Kuqoboza?

Indlela Isikhangeli Sokushisa Sibangela Ngayo Ubunzima Bokushisa Phakhathi Nokuphepha

Indima Yesikhangeli Sokushisa Ekugcineni Ubunzima Bokushisa Phakhathi (IAQ)

I-air handlers ihlengele indima ekhulu kwi-HVAC systems ngokulahla nekuqhubeka komoya ukuze kube ngcono okuthile okuququkayo phakathi njengebhasa, ipolen, kanti nakho amabhakithiriya. Uma lezi zinhlayezo zinezinhlayezo ezikhangelwayo njenge-HEPA noma izinhlayezo ze-MERV-13, zihlinza ngaphezu kuka-90% yezinkinga ezincane ezilingana no-0.3 microns futhi zibe yisivinini esihle ekulindeleni izahluko nezimpilo. I-Environmental Protection Agency ithi kalula umoya waphandle kwebhola ngu-2 ku-5 amaxesha angcono kunomoya phakhathi kwizindlu ezingenazo ukulahlekelwa kahle. Ngakho ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela umoya ukuqhubeka ngokuphindaphindi phakathi kwezindawo ukuze uvikewe kuzo zonke izinkinga zomphumulo nezinye izinkinga ezithintekayo nokulinganiselwa komoya.

Ukusohlwa Phakathi Kwi-HVAC System Design Nokulawula Kuhle Kwemiphumulo Yomoya

Ukuthola uhlanzeko oluhle kakhulu kubangelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo esebenzisana ngayo yonke indlela. Izinto ezithile njengezivumelwano zezibhamu ezingenziyo ziyaphawula kakhulu, futhi kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi izinhlanga zenhloso zihayiwe ngendlela efanele yesikhala. Xa izixhobo ze-HVAC ziphakamile kakhulu, zizohlala ziqala nokulima ngokushesha kangaka, okwakunake kwenza kube lula ukususa izinto eziphelelwe khona. Ngokuphambene, uma indlela iphansi kakhulu, ayikwazi ukulanda ukugcina amandla afanelekile phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zombuso. Ngokwesicwangciso esishicilelwe ngu-ASHRAE udlokheni lwelisha, izikhala apho amahlanzeko asuswa ngaphansi kwezingu-5 ngehora abephinde bane-40% kabanzi kunawo iziciro eziphelile epholile phezulu. Lokhu kubonisela ukuthi kungani ukuthola indlela efanele phakathi kokulinda imithwalo nekuhlanza kwezimali ezintsha kuyisidingo esikhulu kubo bonke abasebeleli basekhaya.

Umdingo Wokungahlanjelwa Kakhulu Kwezimali Kukuxhumana Neziciro Eziphelelwe Khona

Ukungahlelekwa kwezulu kwenza izindawo ezithintekileyo eziphazanywa yizinto ezimbi, kufakwa izinto ezifana ne-VOCs ne-CO2. Izikolo ezenza ukuthi izibizo zokulayisha zibe neminga engcono, zibona ngaphezu kuka-27% kwabafundi abakhohlwayo ekusikoleni ngokwengciniso ye-CDC yangu-2022. Ngakwesinye isikhathi, lapho izinhlaka zasekhaya zenzelwe ngamandla ake, abantu bathola ukuba baphilile kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izindawo eziphathelene nempilo, imvemba iba yinto engeyi mno. Uma akukho zulu elisha elangazelela, amanqaku emvemba angaba angeze ngaphezu kuka-1,000 amasporu ngalokhanda elilodwa. Lokhu kude kube khona okungaphezu kwebaleni labaqashi bezimali ngokungenani ama-500 amasporu ngalokhanda elilodwa. Kubalulekile kakhulu uma ucinga ngalo.

Imisindo Yokuqina Kwesilulu Nenkonzo Yokulayisha Kwesilulu Ngaphandle Emasuntwini

Isitandardi se-ASHRAE 62.1 sicabanga phakathi kwezintshi yasikhumba ngezintshi ezingu-20 ngeminithi yesithombe esisha ngamunye ngamunye phakathi kwendawo, futhi lokhu kuguquka kakhulu ngokwesivumelwano sesifunda sinjalo. Ngemuva kokuthi ivini le-pandemic, kubekwe inqanaba elisha lezivimba, ikakhulukazi emakhlinikini nezihospitalini apho abantu banezinkinga eziningi, apho manje bancoma ukuba kube khona okungenani izivimba ezi-6 ngahora. Kulo msebenzi wokulondoloza imali ekugcineni izindleko zokulimala ngaphandle kokuthatha isilinganiso sesilungu ngaphandle kokulimala, ukudiphanisa izinhlelo zokulima okulondolozayo nezinhlelo zokulima okulondolozayo ziyafana kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zingasekela ukunciphisa umkhawulo kwezinhlelo yokulimala ngaproximately 35%, lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungakanjani amadoda amaningi akhetha le ndlela yamanje.

Abasebenzisi Basehlayo Nezibophezelo Zokuthintwa Kwamathambo

Indima Yabasebenzisi Basehlayo Ekulondolozeni Ukuthintwa Kwamathambo, Kufaka E-COVID-19

Izixhobo zokulahleka kweyohlobo zasemoyeni zidala indima ebalulekile ekukhawazeni ukhwehla kweevirus evela emoyeni. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuthi i-HVAC systems ezihleliwe ngempumelelo zikhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso lwesimo sokhwehla kwe-SARS-CoV-2 nge-60% emehlweni ethintekayo (Bahnfleth et al., 2023). Lokhu kubuyela phakathi kwezinhlelo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

1. Ukuhlambisana : Ukugcina okungenani 6 ACH weyohlobo esengilaziwe ukuze kugcinwe ubunzima bepathogen
2. Ukufinyelela : Ukusebenzisa izithuthi ze-MERV-13 noma ngaphezulu ukuze kugcinwe 90–99% yezinto ezinezivirus
3. Ukulahlekelwa kweyohlobo : Ukudizayina izinhlelo zokulahleka kweyohlobo ukuqinisekisa ukuphulwa kwezindawo ezimbi

Lezi zindlela zizonke zakhula ubunjalo bokumelana nokungabi namandla ngokuphila kwamandla.

Isibonelo: Izixhobo ze-HVAC zasebhankwere zikhubaza ukunciphisa ukungena kwamandla

IBhankwere elase-Pennsylvania lithuthela izixhobo zakho zokulahleka kweyohlobo ngefiltras ye-HEPA kanye ne-UV-C disinfection, futhi wafinyelela ukunciphisa ngama-40% amandla afakiwe ebhankweni (HAIs) ngemva kwezingu-18. Iziphumo ezibalulekile zazifakazwa:

• Izigodi zokusebenza : Ukusebenzisa ukulahlekelwa kweyohlobo ngendlela ephakeme ngama-20 ACH
• Ezindaweni zomzalwane : Ukwakha isikhathi esiphambili sokuhlukanisa kumagugu okulahlekayo kumthabatha
• Ezindaweni ezihlelekileyo : Ukusebenzisa ukulahlekelwa ngendlela ephathelene ngenhla yamandla ngokungena kwamandla angaphandle ngama-50%

Lokhu kubonisa indlela okuphathelene nokulahleka kwezinhlelo zomshini kuyakhula ubuhle bokuphepha komzalwane.

Ukuthi kungaba yini ekugcineni phambili kwebhanga nezindawo zokusebenza

Ngokwesibonelo sikaCDC wokwenzelwa ngonyaka ka-2023, izikole ezayisebenzisa INgqikithi yaASHRAE 62.1-2022 yokuqhubeka kwezililo zazithola ukuthi abafundi bayekhohlwayo ngokushesha ngama-30% ngokungabi ngesifo. Izinombolo ziyethembeka kakhulu uma kujuluka emakhaya ephepha. Uma imikrekeri ethule iindlela zabo zokuphumula izililo ngabaphathisi becarbon dioxide baze babuyisiseko izililo phakade ngaphansi kwamagremu angama-800 ngamagremu angama-1, bangebenza ukuthi kuhlengene ngama-25% ukudluliswa kwemithombo yesifo yendlalo ngaphakathi kwabasebenzi kunazo zingxenye eziphathelene nezililo ezihlelekile, njengoba kuchazwe ku-ASHRAE Journal ngoNyaka odlulayo. Lokhu okubalwe akukhombisa kuphela ukuthinta kwezililo kodwa kuthinta kakhulu ukugcina bonke basebenzela ebuhleni kuzindawo apho abantu ayashintshana.

Izingxenye zokurhamuka manje zihlakaniphile kangakanani ekuvikeleni isifo esikhulu?

Nakuba INgqikithi yaASHRAE 241-2023 iyaphinde iphinde ifakela umkhakha we"Ukudluliswa Kwe-Airflow Rate" ukuze kuhlaziywe ngempawu yokulungisa ukulahlekelwa kwisifo, kusale kukhona amaphutha phakathi kwezingxenye zokurhamuka manje nokudinga kokuvikela isifo esikhulu:

Isiviko se-NIOSH sangama-2024 sobuchwepheshe baka-12 beqashishe izindawo ezenziwa khona izoshelwa kuphela izahluko ezingu-58% zezinkampu ezingenako ukulungiswa kwizinhlobo ezintsha, ekhombisa ukuthi amakhodi manje ayiphansi kokuqinisekisa ukuba kunezimali ezigcwele emva kokuphila kwesifo esikhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umbuzo 1: Uhlelo oluthile lwezithuthi kufunekwayo ukulungisa ubomi bendawo yokuphuma kwamaye?

Impendulo 1: Kufunekwa izithuthi ezibangelweni njenge-HEPA noma MERV-13 ngoba zihlinza kuze kube ngu-90% yezinto eziphezulu kuze kube ngu-0.3 microns, okunciphisa izimpisi nezimpisi zomphakathi.

Umbuzo 2: Kani na uhlelo olungileyo lwesistemu ye-HVAC esinokuthinta ubomi bendawo?

Impendulo 2: Uhlelo olungileyo lwesistemu ye-HVAC lukhomba ukuthi kukhona umoya ofanelekile okwenzela ukuthi kungaphazimululi izimpisi. Izixhobo ezikhulu kakhulu noma izinhlelo ezenziwe ngendlela engavumelekile kungenza ukuthi kuhlale kuhamba phambili noma kungekho umoya ofanelekile, okwenzela ubomi obubi bendawo.

Umbuzo 3: Kani na izixhobo zomoya zenzela ukuthi kunciphise ukudluliswa kwemithetho yomoya?

Impendulo 3: Izixhobo zomoya zenzela ngokugcina izindawo eziphunyukayo ngezingu-6 izinguquko zomoya ngosuku, usebenzisa izithuthi ze-MERV-13 noma kunezintandathu, futhi uhlele izinhlelo zomoya zokuthi zisolaze izindawo ezilililwe.

Umbuzo 4: Izivikelo ezikhona zokuphunyuka kudinga kufanelekele ekususweni kwezikhalo?

A4: Izimali ezimanje kungaba zimbi. I-ASHRAE 241-2023 isebenza kakhulu kumaqondo emva kwazo kodwa kudinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuziphatha ngemvukana yezinkatho, njengoko kubonisiwe yizinkinga ephakeme ekugcineni kwezinkatho ezihlukahlukene.