Kariya ta hanyar yin gaba daya ta hanyar yin gaba daya da sauran halayen da suka dace ba ta hanyar yin gaba daya

Wani ne Gudunmawa Mai Kyau a Cikin Sistemin HVAC?

Fassara Gudunmawa Mai Kyau da Kuma Mekanismin Fisikal Ta

Kashe ta harka mai ƙarfi ya daga cikin wani abu na gida ya zama ƙasa da wanda ke cikin kariya, wanda ke sauta harka a cikin wani abu daga lokaci. A matsayin da aka fassara, wannan yana happen saboda sistem na HVAC ya ci gaba daya daga cikin harka da ya sanya a cikin. Idan harka ta ci gaba daya daga cikin fans na ci gaba daya ko wasu abubuwa na ci gaba daya, yana haɗawa wani abu kamar 'mini vacuum'. Wannan vacuum yana ci gaba daya harka mai sauƙi daga cikin abubuwan da suka rike a cikin wani abu ko daga cikin kofin da suka ci gaba daya ko kofin da suka ci gaba daya, kamar yadda za a ci gaba daya daga cikin 'straw'. Sistem mai kyau yana kiyaye wannan farko na ƙarfi a tsaki 2.5 zuwa 7.5 pascals don haka harka ta yi a wani abu da ke bukatar shi ba tare muhimmin kariya ko kuma ba tare muhimmin mutane. Abubuwan da suka rike suna bukatar wannan farko na ƙarfi da ke haɗawa a wani abu da ke bukatar kiyaye 'germs' a matsayin da suka rike, kamar 'hospital isolation units' da 'research labs'.

Yadda HVAC Equipment Ya Haɗawa da Ya Kiyaye Kashe ta Harka Mai Ƙarfi

Sistemu na HVAC suka samu tsayin karama mai zuwa aiki ta hanyar yin aiki da dukkan abubuwan da suka hada da shi: fans na foforo, dampers, sensors, da automation. Dukkakin abubuwan da suka hada da shi suna cikin:

• Fans na foforo da karama mai yawa wanda aka saba suna karama ga airflow na supply da 10–15%
• Dampers na motor wanda suka hada da karama na intake da exhaust a lokacin da suka hada da shi
• Sensors na differential pressure wanda suka ba da bayani na karama a tsakanin gida da gida a lokacin da suka hada da shi
• Sistemu na automation na gida (BAS) wanda suka hada da karama na fans da karama na dampers a tsakanin lokacin da suka hada da shi ta hanyar bayanin sensor

Masu ingantaccen suka amfani da hisabai na airflow da ASHRAE suka saba—ba suka amfani da takamaiman hisabai ba—to saba da karama da karama na abubuwan da suka hada da shi. Bayani na karama ya zama ta hanyar manometers da aka saba ko ta hanyar monitoring na pressure da IoT a lokacin da suka hada da shi. Abubuwan da suka hada da shi da karama, kamar alarms na duniya da alama na sautin da suka hada da shi lokacin da karama ya taka a baya 1 Pa , suka ba da alama na farko na karama da karama, wanda ke ba da imkanin yin aiki da farko kafin yadda karama ya taka da karama.

Abubuwan da suka hada da shi da karama na karama na HVAC

Karama na karama na karama a gida na karama

Sistemin na HVAC na yadda ake saukin gabaɗaya ya ke taka muhimmanci wajen kula da karaman wasi-wasi na gabaɗaya a cikin al'adu na tibbi kamar hospitali, klinikai, da tattalin arziki. Wadannan sistemi suna aiki ta hanyar samun yadda na gabaɗaya wanda ke tsara yadda mai wasi-wasi don zama daga jikin kuma kuma, amma wadannan jiki su ne da muhimmanci wajen masu wasi-wasi na TB, measles, ko wasi-wasi na gabaɗaya wadanda suka hada da shi. A cikin yadda ake sanya daga gida, yadda ake sanya ta kawo a cikin filtarin HEPA wanda suka kawo dukkan abubuwan da suka hada da shi, don haka abubuwan da suka hada da shi ba za su ci gaba da yadda ba. Al'adu na sayar da karama suna kira da 6 zuwa 12 yadda na gabaɗaya kamar yau a wannan yanki don kula da abubuwan da suka hada da shi da kuma kula da su a lokaci mafi kyau. Idan aka haɗa wannan teknolujin da yankin da suka hada da shi wanda aka kira anterooms da al'adu mafi kyau na kula da karama na tibbi, masu tibbi suka iya kula da wasi-wasi a lokacin da karama na wasi-wasi ke cika yankin mafi kyau.

Kula da karama a laboratoriyoyi da cleanrooms

Kamar yadda ake bukatar fahimtar karamin tsawon shi ne a cikin wani abu da ke nufin kariya, a cikin laburaturi na bayanai, tushen kimiyya, da kuma a cikin sana'arun semiconductor suka kashe abubuwan da suka dace ba a gaba daya. A yanzu, amma sistem biyu ya yi amfani da HVAC na tsawon kasa wanda ya samu farko na tsawon kasa. Bayani: laburaturi da ke tsawon kasa suna kafa a cikin yanki da tsawon kasa mai yawa, wanda ya samu abin da aka kira airlock effect. Idan bane amincewa ta haka, zasu iya fuye abubuwan da ba za su fuye ba—abubuwan kimiyya da ba za su fuye ba, kuma karamin abubuwan da suka dace ba, kuma abubuwan da suka dace a cikin jiki (biological hazards) zasu iya fuye a cikin kofin, ko a cikin karamin da suka fito a cikin dindin, ko a cikin karamin da suka ci gaba a cikin dindin da ba za su ci gaba ba.

Wadannan bayanai sun haɗa da ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 170 da alama na ISO 14644, ta haka yana taimakawa wajen samun kuskure a cikin rukuni, kumulci da amfani da shi.

Taimakon gudunmawa don mold, asbestos, da biyohazards

A cikin halin da suka nemo muhimman yadda muna bukata aiki da abubuwan da suka dace wajen kariya, kamar tashin gishiri, tashin asbesto, ko tashin abubuwan da suka haifar da shirin biyologika, saitin da karami na karami na tsaki (negative pressure) suka zama abubuwan da suka dace wajen amfani da su don hankali. Kullum mutane da suka yi aiki da wadannan abubuwan da suka dace wajen aiki suna amfani da sistemun da suka dace wajen tashin hanyar fassara (mobile exhaust systems) da suka dace wajen tashin hanyar fassara (HEPA filters) don gudun karamin cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (containment areas) ya zama babu karami ne ga karamin cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (surrounding spaces) da ba suka dace wajen aiki (contaminated). Farko ya kamata ya zama babu karami ne ga 5 Pascal ko kuma babu karami ne ga karamin cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (surrounding spaces) da ba suka dace wajen aiki (contaminated). A cikin shari'an OSHA da aka saba (CFR 1910.120), mutane da suka yi aiki (workers) suka kamata su gano karamin cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (pressure levels) ta yau da kullum a lokacin aiki da suka amfani da al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (digital monitors). A baya da kowa ya ci gaba da al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (work area) da a baya da kowane rana ta aiki, ya kamata akwai bayani da suka rubuta (written proof) waɗanda suka nemo cewa duk wani abu ya dace. Idan aka yi daga farko zuwa karni, wannan hanyar ya dace wajen kariya abubuwan da suka dace wajen aiki (tiny particles) cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (where they form) ba tare da ina sa su fara kuma su kawo su cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (spread around). Wannan ya dace wajen kariya mutane da suka yi aiki (people working on site) da kuma kowa da ke cikin wadannan al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (living nearby) kuma ya dace wajen kariya aiki idan ya zo lokacin amfani da al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (final inspections) da al'adu da suka dace wajen aiki (paperwork).

Matsaloli na Fasahar, Tsayayyen, da Tattara na Kula

Kullumta na Gwamnatin Daga Cikin da Gwamnatin Daga Bayan don Samun Gwamnatin Daga Bayan Da Zama Maimakon

Gwamnatin daga bayan da zama maimakon yana taka kuma a cikin tsari da kuma a cikin gaba daya na gwamnatin daga cikin da gwamnatin daga bayan—ba tare da saurin sauri ba, amma kuma a cikin gaba daya na sauri. Matsalolin da ake amfani da su a watsi ya ce gwamnatin daga bayan ya kamata ya fi gwamnatin daga cikin da 10–15%, da a tattara ta hanyar alamar da suka fuskanta: anemometers da suka sauri, flow hoods, ko thermal dispersion meters. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke muna bukatar garga bi da su ne:

• Saurin variable-frequency drives (VFDs) a cikin fans na daga bayan don kuma a cikin halin da ake amfani da su a watsi
• Yi amfani da abubuwan da suka canza kamar adadin rufe da bude, stack effect, da infiltration na farko da rabi
• Tattara abubuwan da gwamnatin daga cikin ya zama a cikin computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling a cikin abubuwan da suka canza ko a cikin abubuwan da ke da kariya mai yawa

A cikin ASHRAE Journal (2023), kuskuren da gwamnatin daga cikin da gwamnatin daga bayan ya zama da kariya mai yawa da 70% a cikin abubuwan da ke da kariya mai yawa—wanda ya nuna saboda yadda commissioning ya kamata ya ci gaba daga sauri zuwa functional performance testing.

Alamarun Tattara: Manometer, Tashar Gishiri, da Sensorin Da Ake Tattauna A Watsi

Kamfanin Da Ake Daukaka Shari ya zama tare da tsawo na bayani da kuma shari na amfani da alamarun tattara. Manometerin digital suna ba da bayanin da suka daga watsi, a lokacin da aka sauya da su a watsi, amma tashar gishiri na bayani (qualitative) ta nuna yadda gishiri ke tattara a cikin kwalla—wanda ke makiya sosai a lokacin da aka sauya da su da kuma a lokacin da aka gudanar da rashin fahimtar. Don alamarun da suka fiye da mahimmanci kamar darussan da suka fiye da mahimmanci don hanyar gishiri na jiki (airborne infection isolation rooms):

• Sanya sensorin da suka fiye da mahimmanci na tsawo a cikin darussan da suka fiye da mahimmanci don hanyar gishiri na jiki (airborne infection isolation rooms) da ±0.01-inch water column (w.c.) accuracy
• Shirya alamarun da suka fiye da mahimmanci (alarm outputs) a cikin sistema na awan gida (building automation system - BAS)
• Yi tattarar sensorin da suka fiye da mahimmanci a kowane kwartal da ma'aikata da suka fiye da mahimmanci (NIST-traceable references)

NIOSH (2022) ta gano cewa tattarar da suka fiye da mahimmanci (continuous monitoring) ya rage rashin kamfanin da suka fiye da mahimmanci (containment failures) da 92%daga rashin tattarar da suka fiye da mahimmanci (manual, periodic checks) alone. ASHRAE Standard 170 ta bayyana shari na tattarar tsawo da suka fiye da mahimmanci (comprehensive pressure monitoring protocols) don alamarun da suka fiye da mahimmanci (high-risk facilities)—wanda ke aiki ne don muhimmincin bayani (authoritative benchmark) don rarraba, sanya, da amfani da su.

Kusurorin Da Kuma Bayanin Al'ada

Yi amfani da HVAC na karamin yadda ake fuskanci da tsayi ya zama wajibinta da sauri—kamar yadda ake gudanin da shi kuma a cikin tushen zaman da ke cikin shi. Kusurorin da suka zuwa ne:

• Rashin tasnifin fuskanci da rashin tasnifin yadda ake fuskanci , kuma yana nufin rashin tasnifin yadda ake fuskanci ko rashin tasnifin yadda ake fuskanci a lokacin da aka bukata kofin
• Rashin sanarwar sensor , kuma yana nufin rashin sanarwar sensor ko rashin sanarwar sensor da ba za a gane shi ba
• Rashin sanarwar fuskanci —conduits, pipes, duct boots, da rashin tasnifin kofin da ke cikin kofin—wanda suka bari yadda ake fuskanci da ke cikin kofin
• Rashin sanarwar fuskanci , kuma yana nufin rashin sanarwar fuskanci da ke cikin kofin da ke cikin kofin da ke cikin kofin da ke cikin kofin

Kamar yadda ake amfani da shari'ar al'ada, suna da biyu na wadanda suka ci gaba daya: ASHRAE 170 don tsarin fannin kafuwa mai kyau a cikin al'adu na tibbi, kuma OSHA's 1910.134 wanda ya yi la'akari da kula da hankali don kula da abubuwan da suka daga sama. Al'adu na tibbi da al'adu na bayanai suna bukatar nuna waɗanda suka ci gaba daya kamar yadda ake ci gaba daya da sensorin farko na ƙarama, tattara yadda ake ci gaba daya da kafuwa, kuma ake amfani da test na kofa a cikin wadanda suka ci gaba daya kamar zonin kura, laburatin kula da karama, kuma a lokacin yadda ake ci gaba daya da asbestus. Masu amfani da Joint Commission suna ganin wannan bayanin a lokacin da suka zo. Wanda ke maimakon yanzu ba ne kamar yadda ake ci gaba daya da kayan aiki amma kamar yadda ake ci gaba daya da kula da kayan aiki a lokacin da suka ci gaba daya kamar yadda ake ci gaba daya da shari'ar al'ada. Al'adu wadanda suka ci gaba daya da kula da masalaci bayan suka faru ba su da al'ada ba.

Masu Sabon Gaba (FAQ)

Wani ne Gudunmawa Mai Kyau a Cikin Sistemin HVAC?

Kashe ta hanyar tsanani na hawa ya dace ne domin yin amfani da kuma a cikin gida, wanda ke nufi cewa tsanani na hawa a cikin gida ta zama ƙarami ga kowane yanki na gaba daya, wanda ke saita hawa su tashi cikin.

Wane ne ayyukan sistema na HVAC na tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami?

Sistemin tsanani na hawa ta zama mafi kyau don karewa na kudin kariya a cikin al’ummar da kudin kariya a cikin laburaturi da kuma cikin 'cleanrooms', kuma ta taimaka wajen karewa na kudin kariya a cikin kudin kariya na 'mold', 'asbestos', da kudin kariya na biyologikal.

Yaya HVAC sistemin su yi amfani da tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami?

Su amfani da 'exhaust fans', 'motorized dampers', da 'pressure sensors' don samun tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami, wanda ke aminin da 'building automation systems'.

Yaya yana muhimmi don raba tsanani na hawa na 'exhaust' da 'supply'?

Raba yana nufi cewa tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami ta zama tsakanin kuma yana muhimmi don karewa na kudin kariya da kuma karewa na kudin kariya na sistem.

Wane ne kusurorin da aka samu a lokacin haɗawa na HVAC sistem na tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami?

Kusurorin da aka samu sun hada da tsanani na hawa ta zama ƙarami ba ta dace ba, ba a sanya 'sensor calibration' ba, ba a kare 'penetrations' ba, da kuma ba a sanya 'system redundancy' ba.