Ukubhekwa ngokungafanele kwe-Air Pressure (Ukubhekwa Ngokungafanele Kwe-Pressure) Nokunye Iziphroblemi Ezinokuthi Zibhekwe Ngokungafanele Ngokwakho i-HVAC

Ukulingana okungafanele kwezinhloko zomoya kuziphatha zomoya?

Ukuchaza Ukuphefumula Okungafanele Nokuthi Yini Inkululeko Yayo Yomhlaba

Ukubeka isibonelo sesikhathi sokugcina amandla kusukela kumkhakha wokuphatha amandla kwenye indawo yomkhakha wokuphatha amandla kwezindawo ezingaphandle kuyisibonelo sokuthi amandla akhona endaweni yokuqala ayizilingana neyokwenzela. Lokhu kufana nokuthi isistimu yamandla yomkhakha wokuphatha amandla iyaphuma kakhulu kunele yathola kabusha. Uma amandla ayithathwa ngamafan ye-exhaust noma izindawo zokuphuma, kuyenza isibonelo sokuthi sifuna amandla kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuyiphuma amandla amasha ngemikhakha yokuvala noma ngemikhakha yezinkambu noma emaphepha athulile, njengoba kufana nokuthi uyayithatha ngomthwalo. Isistimu esihle sokuphatha amandla kuyasiza ukuthi isibonelo sokugcina amandla siyabuyela phakathi kwe-2.5 kanye ne-7.5 pascals ukuze amandla ayahamba lapho kufanele ngaphandle kokuthi kwenzeke imiphumela ekhaya noma kuzamele abantu. Izindawo zokusebenza zidinga lokhu kakhulu kusukela kwezindawo ezinokuthi ziyadinga ukuphatha izibhakabhaka ngokucophelela, njengezindawo zokuhlanzwa kwezihospital noma emazilabho okufunda.

Ukuthi i-HVAC Equipment Injenga Nokuphatha Isibonelo Sokugcina Amadla

Izinhlangano ze-HVAC zifika ekuphakanyiseni kwe-Negative Pressure ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-Exhaust Fans, Amadampers, Amasensori, nokuziphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izinqubo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Amafan ye-Exhaust ephakeme ukukhula okufanele kubheke umkhawulo we-Supply Airflow ngama-10–15%
• Amadampers atholakala ngomotori okuzimela umkhawulo we-Intake ne-Exhaust ngokushesha kwesikhathi
• Amasensori we-Differential Pressure abonisa umbono wokugcina ngokuphakeme kwe-Pressure phakathi kwezindlu ngokuphakeme
• Izinhlangano zokuziphatha kwezindlu (BAS) ozimela ukuguqula izivinini zezifan nezidingo zemadampers ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokubhekene nomfanekiso wamasensori

Aba-engineer bavula amakhalkhulasi we-Airflow aqinisekisiwe ngu-ASHRAE—akavuli ukuthi kuyizindlela zokuvula ngokwesibonelo—ukusiza nokuzimela lezi zinqubo. Ukuvumela kuyasebenzisa amamanometer aqinisekisiwe noma ukujabulisa kwe-Pressure ngokuphakeme kwe-IoT. Izinkampani zokuvikela, njengezinye zokubona nokubheka ngokushesha ezitholakala uma i-Pressure iphansi kuka 1 Pa , zibonisa ngokushesha ukuthi ukuvikela akukho, futhi zisiza ukwenza isenzo esisheshayo kabefore ukuthi ukuthinteka kwezinkinga kwezinye.

Izinqakamba eziphambili zokugcina ukuphuma kwemithambo kwezinhlangano ze-HVAC

Ukuvikela phansi kwemithambo emazwele

Izinhlangano zokusebenzisa i-HVAC zokungafakwa kwezinye zinamandla amaningi ekuvikeleni kwezinhlangano zokuzilungiselela izifo ezihlukene kwezindawo zokuzilungiselela njengezihospitale, iziklinikhi, nezindawo zokuzilungiselela abantwana. Lezi zinhlangano zisebenza ngokwenza umoya ozofika ngaphakathi ukuze ukungavumela umoya omubi ukuphuma kwezindawo zokugcina, kusukela kwezindawo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abanemiphumela yokuqala, ukubhujwa, noma izifo eziningi ezihlukene. Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kusuka ngaphandle, umoya ophuma kuyabhalwa ngamathegi we-HEPA okukhombisa izinto eziningi, ngakho lezi zinto ezingazange zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuzilungiselela. Izindlela zokusebenza zezibalo ziyasho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-12 kwezinhlangano zokuhlela umoya ngamuhla kulezi zindawo ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi izinto ezingazange zizilungiselele futhi zithunyelwe ngokushesha. Uma kubhekwa le teknoloji ngokuhlanganisa nezindawo zokugcina ezibizwa ngokuthi i-ante-rooms futhi nezindlela zokusebenza zokulungiselela abantu abasebenza kwezindawo zokuzilungiselela, abantu abasebenza kwezindawo zokuzilungiselela banechance encane yokuthunyelwa kwezifo ngokuphatha kwezindawo ezinamandla amaningi yokuthunyelwa kwezifo.

Ukugcina emazulwini nezindawo eziphakathi zokuhlola

Ukuthi izonkotha zokuphepha zibe yizinto eziningi kakhulu emazulwini okuhlola, emazulwini okwenza amadragu, nasezindaweni zokwenza amaphutha wokubhekisa isembaneni apho izinto ezingavumelekile kufanele ziphephwe. Isistimu esithile sisebenza ngamandla okuphepha okungafanele (HVAC) okwenza lezi zonkotha zokuphepha ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuchaza kahle, amazulwini okuhlola angaphakathi nokuphepha okungafanele ayabambiswe ngamazulwini okuphepha okungafanele okuphakathi kakhulu, okwenza into ethiwa ngokuthi yi-"airlock effect". Uma le sistimu ayikho, izinto ezingavumelekile zingathola ukuphuma—izinkampani ezingavumelekile, izinye iziqephu ezincane, futhi izinto zokuhlola zokubhekisa isembaneni zingathola ukuphuma ngamathegi, lezi ziqephu ezincane zokuphuma kwezindawo zokuphuma kwamapipi kumagugu, noma kuzindawo zokuphuma kumagugu apho azifanele ukuba kuzo.

Lezi zizindlela ziyahambisana ne-ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 170 nezizindlela ze-ISO 14644, ekuvumelana ukuthi kubhekene ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinqakumbili zokudesign, ukuthenga, nokubonisa ukuthi kusebenza ngokwanele.

Ukusiza kokuqhubeka ngokulungisa ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-asbestos, nokubuchwepheshe obubanzi

Kumazinyathelo apho kufanele sisebenzise izinto eziningi zokuvutha njengekuphatha kwemithombo yezinkundla, ukususa i-asbestos, noma ukuchitha izinto zokuvutha zezinhlobo zezibonakaliso, izindlela zokwenza ubukhala obuhlungu kwezinyathelo zokuvutha kuyisiphumo esikhulu sokuvutha. Abaprofesi abaningi bavula amasistimu okuvula amahhala apho ayisikhiwe ngamafiltara aye-HEPA ukuze ubukhala kulezi zindawo zokuvutha kube ngaphezulu kwebhali leliyisho. Ubudlelwano kufanele kube phakade ngaphezu kwe-minus 5 Pascals noma ngaphezulu kulendawo eyingaphansi kokuvutha. Ngokwesiqephu se-OSHA esifundwa ku-CFR 1910.120, abasebenzi kufanele bakhokhisa ubukhala ngokuphakeme kuzo zonke izinsuku zokusebenza ngamaphrojekthi amadijithali. Kabefore umuntu wakho wengena kule ndawo yokusebenza futhi emva kokugcina izinsuku zokusebenza, kufanele kube nomthwalo wokuthi konke kuyasebenza kahle. Uma kwenziwa kahle kusukela kusuka kusukela, le ndlela iyabulawa lezinye izinyathelo ezingenani kule ndawo yabo endaweni yabo, angakwazi ukusondeza kumaqondana. Lokhu kuyavutha abasebenzi kule ndawo futhi abantu abahlala kule ndawo yabo, futhi kuyenza ukusebenza kahle uma kufanele kubhekwa kwezimboni zokugcina futhi kubhekwa kwezincwadi.

Imithambo Yokudesign, Ukufaka, Nokuthola Ukuthembeka Kwempilo

Ukubalansha Amasiko Amanye Ne-Amasiko Oshicilelo Ukuze Kwenziwe Ukuthembeka Kwemiphumela Yomkhawulezo Owodwa

Ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yomkhawulezo owodwa kuyisibonelo sokubalansha amasiko ngokuphelele nokubaluleka kokubalansha ngokuphathelene nesikhathi—akukho kuphela ukusetha kwakwesibini kodwa futhi ukubalansha okuphambili. Imithambo yokusebenza yasezulwini iyasho ukuthi amasiko asechilayo kufanele abe bekhulu kune-amasiko oshicilelo ngokulinganisa 10–15%, okutholakala ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ezinokutholakala: izinkampani eziphelele, izinkampani zokubalansha amasiko, noma izinkampani zokuhlanza isikhalazo. Izinkinga eziphambili ziyashiyelwa:

• Ukubuyeza izinhlayisi zokuguqula umkhawulezo (VFDs) emasikweni okuchilayo ukuze zihambisane nezimo zokusebenza zezinsizakalo
• Ukuzingcatha izinto ezingenziwa ngokushintsha njengokuphatha kwezinyawo, isifundo sokugqamisa, nokufika kweminyaka
• Ukuthola ukuthembeka kwezindlela zokusika ngokusebenzisa ukuthenga kwezindawo zokubalansha amasiko (CFD) emazindaweni aphambili noma emazindaweni athembekileyo

Ngokwesikhathi sika-ASHRAE (2023), ukubalansha okungafanele kuyakhula isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwa ngokungafanele ngokuphakeme kwe-70% emazindaweni okusebenza kwezempilo—kuyabonisa ukuthi ukuthenga kufanele kube phakade kusuka ekusetheni kuya ekutholeni ukuthembeka kwemisebenzi.

Amathuluzi Okukhangela: Amamanometha, Izivikho Zokuphuma Kwemoto, Namasensha Owesikhathi Setfu

Ukuhlanganiswa okuholela kubhekisele kubotha ubukhulu bekukhangela nokuthi ukuthi umthwalo wokuvumela uyisifundo—amamanometha amadijithali ayabika iziphakade zokufunda ezindaweni, ngakho-ke izivikho zokuphuma kwemoto zibonisa ngokubona indlela yokuphuma kwemoto emagumbini—kuyisifundo esihle kakhulu ngeminyaka yokuqala yokuqondisa futhi ngokugcina izinkinga. Kuzo zizindlela zokusebenza eziphambili kakhulu njengezindawo zokuhlukanisa izifo ezihlukene ngemoto:

• Faka amasensha owesikhathi setfu okuphuma kwemoto nge ±0.01-inch yamandla (w.c.) ubukhulu
• Yenzela ukuthi izimiso zokushaya isimiso sezinkundla zokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza (BAS)
• Yenza ukukhangela kwamasensha ngeminyaka yezikhathi zokuphuma kwemoto ngokulingana neziqukethwe zaseNIST

I-NIOSH (2022) ifindile ukuthi ukukhangela ngokuphuma kwemoto kunciphisa izinkinga zokuhlukanisa ngokuphuma kwemoto ng 92%kulingana nokukhangela ngokuphuma kwemoto ngokuphuma kwemoto kuphela. I-ASHRAE Standard 170 ibonisa izimiso zokukhangela ngokuphuma kwemoto zokuphuma kwemoto kwezindawo ezinokuthi zibe yizinkinga—kuyisifundo esihle kakhulu sokudesign, ukufaka, nokusebenza ngokuphuma kwemoto.

Izinkinga Eziningi Nokuzimela Kwezindlela Zokusebenza

Ukufaka isikhundla sesifunda sokugcina umoya esihlukene kusobala ukubhekana ngokuphelele nesikhundla—kanye nasekuqaleni nokusebenza kwisistimu. Izinkinga eziningi ziyafaka:

• Ukungafanani kwezinkampani zokugcina nomoya wokubhala , okubangela ukuguqula kwezinqumo noma ukuguqula okungasemthethweni kuqala lapho kusebenzisa indlu
• Ukungabhekwa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa izinhlobo , okubangela ukuthi abantu bakhuluma ngokwemfihlo engakwaziyo futhi ukungabonwa kokugcina umoya
• Amaphuzu angavunyelwe —amaphuzu, amapipi, amaphuzu wezindlu zomoya, nezinkinga zezindlu zokuphakama—okubangela ukuthi umoya ushona ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zomoya
• Ukungabi nesibonelo esingaphansi , okubangela ukuthi izindawo ezingcono zingabulaliwa lapho kusebenzisa izifunda noma lapho kungabi nempilo

Kodwa kufikile kumaziko okulawula, kunezizindikiso ezimbili eziphakeme kuphela ozokwazi: ASHRAE 170 yokuvula ngendlela efanele emaphilisini ne-OSHA's 1910.134 eyodlala nokuqinisa ukuphatha kwemithambo yomoya ekuthinteni izinto ezihlukene kumoya. Amaphilisi nezindawo zokuhlola kufanele zibhalise amathuba amaningi njengokujonga izinhloko zokulingana kwezimilo zomoya, ukubonisa ubude bomoya, nokwenza izivulayo zomoya ngomnyaka emazindaweni amahle njengemaphilisi okuhlanzwa, emaphilisi okuhlinzwa kwezinto ezihlukene, futhi kuziphatha kwezinto ezihlukene. Abavuzi be-The Joint Commission baya kubheka lezi zifundo zonke xa bafika. Okubalulekile kakhulu akuyiwe ubude bomba obuyiwele kodwa ukuthi izinhloko ziyasebenza njani ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokwamaziko. Amaphilisi okuthi abuyisiza izinkinga emva kokuthi zihlukile akuyiwele kusobala.

Imibuzo Emaninzi (FAQ)

Ukulingana okungafanele kwezinhloko zomoya kuziphatha zomoya?

Ukubeka imithwalo yamandla angaphansi kwenqubo yomkhumbulo kusebenza uma imithwalo yamandla ngaphakathi kwesikhulu kwezindawo ziyinkulu kunezindawo ezingaphandle, okusenza umoya udlule ngaphakathi.

Izinqubo zokusebenza kwe-HVAC zemithwalo yamandla angaphansi zisebenza kanjani?

Izinqubo zemithwalo yamandla angaphansi zingcono kakhulu ekuvikeleni kwezifo ezinokuthiwa, ukugcina emazibini nezindawo zokuphatha izinto ezinamandla, nokusiza ekuphatheni i-mold, i-asbestos, nezinto eziphatha umuntu.

Izinqubo zokusebenza kwe-HVAC zisetha kanjani imithwalo yamandla angaphansi?

Zisebenzisa amafan ye-exhaust, amadampers athembekile ngamotori, namasensor wemithwalo yamandla ukudala ubungapheleli bemithwalo yamandla, okujulukwa ngamashini okusebenza kwezindawo.

Kungani kubalulekile ukubalansha imithwalo yomoya we-exhaust neyomoya we-supply?

Ukubalansha kusiza ukuthi imithwalo yamandla angaphansi ibe yindlela engezansi, okubalulekile ukuvikela ukuthi izifo zizohamba futhi ukuthi isistimu sisebenza ngokwanele.

Izinkinga eziphakathi kwezinqubo zokusebenza kwe-HVAC zemithwalo yamandla angaphansi ziyini?

Izinkinga eziphakathi ziyinkulu kwezimbali yomoya, ukungabhalwa kwezisensor, izindawo ezingavikelwanga zokungena, nokungakwazi kwezinqubo zokubuyela emuva.