ukusebenzisa kwezulu ngasinye-izistemu zokulahleka kwesililo ezincwini

Indlela Okuphathwa Ngayo Kwe-air Ngasikhathi Kukhulisa Ukuphatha Kwesikhathi Esithunyelwe

Ukugcina Ngokuvuza Ngqo Nge-Sabela Esizoleni Ngasikhathi

Xa izinkampani zihlawula amandla okuhlahlisa umoya ngaphansi kwezinye, zihlanganisa iindawo ezahlukene zokuphatha kwizinye ngendlela ehlukile endaweni yendlela yadala apho inkampani yonke ihlawulwa ngendlela efanayo ukusuka phezu. Izinye zonke zinexabiso lemandla wokunyusa umoya, okusho ukuthi singahlawule ngokwesika ngokuthi abantu basebenzisa indawo kanjani, uhlelo lomshini olusebenzayo kulo, nokuthi kuneziphi izinxenye zombutho ozikhiphayo. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu kumzimba omkhulu. Izinye phezulu zithola ngenxa ye-40 iphesenti kancane kakhulu kokunyusa kwezono kunazo ezindaweni zezingqishi, ngakho ke izidingo zokuhlisa kuhlukana kakhulu phakathi kwezinye. Ngaphandle koko konke ukudluliswa phakathi kwezinye, abasebenzi bezinkampani bangakwazi ukulungiselela okuqhubekayo ngcono. Bangakwazi ukuhlisa izilwanyana zocingo ngaphandle kokwenza ukuthi izigaba ezasesandleni ziphile kakhulu, noma ukwandisa umoya wezigaba zokuzwa xa zibhaxha ngexesha lokusebenza. Isici esinye? Sisondela imiba yokuba isimo siphinde sabuke kumzimba wonke. Uma isinye sihlanzekile kakhulu noma sikhankene kakhulu, akusenzeki ukuthi inqanawa yonke ibe yinzima kubo bonke.

Indima Yekuthintana Kwezulu Ekubonakaliseni Okuphelele

Indlela okwenzeka ngayo ukuthi umoya othanda kanye nomoya ongcwele wahlukane ngokomoya kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kakhulu kwiindawo zokunxibelela umoya ezintathu ngasinye. Umoya ongcwele unikezela phansi kwesandla ngenkathi 18 kuya kuya ku-19 digrii eCelsius abahlala phansi kaphakade lapho abantu bahlala, okubaluleke kungenhlangothi yendawo kuya kuya ku-metri ezimbili. Xa izinto zikhishwa khona zazinzima, zazimphinde zazinzima umoya ozungezileyo, okwakhiwa kumoyeni ophambuka phezu kwamaventi. Lokhu kwenza isilinganiso esiqinile sokuhlukana komoya kusuka kumnqamlezweni kuya phezulu. Konke oku kusebenza ngemithetho yesayensi enjalo, ekwenza ukuthwelisa kuhle kakhulu ngoba sasebenzisa amandla kaphakade lapho abantu kudingeka kakhulu. Kunye, amafani ayifuni ukusebenza ngokusheshayo ngoba umoya ushunqisela ngokomoya. Izindawo zebhola zilungile kakhulu kuma-22 kuya kuya ku-24 digrii, kodwa amacebha angaba nemoyi ephefumula kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ihluka kuma-28 kuya kuya ku-30 digrii. Ize neziqulezelo ezenzelwe ngu-ASHRAE zibonisa ukuthi xa lo msebenzi wokwahlukana uhlawulwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, izindlu ziphumula kusuku kuya kuya ku-30% kumali wokuthwelisa kulinganiseleni nokuthweliswa komoya obanzi. Oku kukhona kuphela ngoba akukho into yokuthwelisa wonke lo mphakathi ophansi apho akukho muntu ovale.

Isifundo Sombuso: Indlu Eshayeni eSingapure Engezansi Kwemigqa-24 Usebenzisa i-Pleums Zokuphuma Kwesivumelwano Ngemigqa (Imbonakalo Ye-National Environment Agency 2022)

Indlu yezamako emigqakini-24 eSingapure yaphindza i-pleums zokuphuma kwesivumelwano ngezinkinga ezinguququkayo kanye nezinkuni zokulahla umoya okuguquguqukayo (VAV) ezingenjalo kumathuba wobukhona ngexesha elilodwa. Ngokwimbonakalo yesifundo ye-National Environment Agency yabaku-2022:

Uprojekthi wafika ekutholeni imithwalo yamandla wefan engu-32% ngokukhulula ukungcola kwegangathelo yesilawo futhi kube khona ubuncinci bezinkinga zosindiso. Ukulingana kwesithunzi phakathi kwezindlu kuhlelwe kabusha ngama-40%, izindawo ezikhanya kakhulu zikhiphile—noma ngelinye ilanga eligcweleyo.

Ukuthunyelana Kwesistemu: I-Air Handling Units ne-Underfloor Plenums

Ukulinganisa Ngokwahlukanisa: Ukuthunyelana Kwesistemu Ne-UFAD Ukuphatha Amahawa Ngasinye

Xa kusungulwa i-Air Handling Units (AHUs) nge-Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD), abasebenzi basezinkundla kudinga ukubuyekezela ngokucophelela izinto ezithile zomthombo. Kufanele bakhuthaze izinto njengezikhala zomhlanga nezinkinga ezivertical ukuze izimo zombili ziphumelele ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezilingo zomhlanga. Uma kwenziwa kanjalo, kuyakwenzeka ukuthola indlela epholile yokudluliswa kwamandla kusuka ku-AHUs ekugcineni kwezikhala, okusho ukuthi singaphazanyiswa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezide zokudluliswa kwamandla ezenziwayo. Ngokwemibiko yomthando, izinkundla ezifaka lezi zinhlelo zihlala zibona ubude bomshini obukhishwe ngama-18%. Futhi, izinhlelo zihamba kancane ngoba kuneziphansi ezingaphezu kwezimali. Ukususa i-AHUs emhlabeni phezulu kamenela abaphathisi basekhaya into ethembekile futhi—ukubophephela okujikeleze kuzindawo ezahlukene zokunyukela. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi babuyekeze izilingo ngokweqile kuzindawo zomniki ngalinye noma ngokwesimo sezindlela ezilandelwayo, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa nokuba kuthinta amaplanga angapha nangaphansi.

I-AHU ezinhambisayo ne-Plenums eziphulwa ngokuphelele: Isimo sasemondeni (Imiphumela ye-ASHRAE RP-1794)

Xa kufika ekugcineni kwamandla okulahla amayeza emehluko yendawo, izixhobo ezihlelekayo ze-AHU zihlanganisa nezixhobo ezikhokhelwayo zamandla azimiseleyo zazama khona njengoko kuyisimo sokuphelela. Lezi zixhobo ezenziwa kwi-factory zisebenza kakhulu ngemibhalo yomthombo ongenamnye ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kumandla wokugcina, esebenza ngaphezulu kwe-5% yezilinganiso ezimiselwayo. Ngokwesiqalo se-ASHRAE's RP-1794 project, le miqondo ibeka amandla afunyanwa ngu-fan ngaphansi kwekwesiqa ngokungafani nezindlela ezindala. Okuqukethwe kubo kukuba zi smart kangakanani ngokuqhubeka komsebenzi. Inqanawa yezixhobo iyakulungisa ngokwaye basekho bathi phantsi, ihlaya amayeza kangaka xa bantu bafika futhi ibe yekhukumeza lapho imigodi ivuka ngoma. Lokhu kumela ukungagcine amandla ekulahlweni amayeza emizini engavakali futhi kususa izimali ezingucenti ezingu-19 ngosuku olunye ngasinye ngekhala ngeminyaka emide. Abasebenzi besivumelwano bakathanda nezinto ezifanayo. Ukubuyisela iikomponi zakeseke ngama-4 ihora endizeyo kuma-12 okanye ngaphezulu kunazo zintlobo eziphambili, oko kuthetha ukuba kungena ububi bungenanto kwaye abalawuli babusika bayabamfundi.

Ubushushu Bokusebenza Kwamandla Ne-thermal Stratification kwiZinhlelo Zokunikezela Kwamandla Ngasinye Isikhele

Ukunciphisa Ukusebenza Kwesilonda Kusukuwa 22 Ukuze 35% Ngokunikezela Kwamandla KweSikhele (DOE LBNL Report 2023)

Izixhobo ze-UFAD ezifakiweyo ngasinye isitayela zithembela koko ukuthi ubuhlobo bungaphandle kwezinkundla ukuthi ubuhlathi buhamba ngokwazo kumendini ukuze busave inawo. Xa umoya ophakade uphindeka phezu kwezintlu ngale ndiza encinci, ungaqa phansi lapho abantu kudingeka kakhulu ngelikusasa ubuhlathi buhamba phezulu buphindeka phezulu emuva kwesilinga. Ukukhanya okuyisikhala kuphela kubaluleke kakhulu - lezi zixhobo zingasebenza kuma 17 kuya ku-18 digrii eSelsiyasi endala kuma 13, lokho kususa izidingo zokulibala ngaproximately 20 kuya ku-30 iphasenti ngokwamathematika. Umdenge wabangelayo otholakeleyo kwi-LBNL ngo-2023 ubonisa into ethandwayo mayelana nomfanekiso wezinto eziphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwemilenze yezintlu. Babefuna ukuthi umfanekiso omuhle wokuxhumana komoya kusho ukuthi kukhona umlando omncane ngaphakathi kwezixhobo, ngakho ke amafani angasebenzi njalo kangako. Lokhu kuguqula ku-22 kuya ku-35% umlando ongaphansi kwebhodhi kulinganiselwe kuzo zintlu eziphambuka ngaphezulu. Okufundisa kakhulu lapha kuyizindlela ezincane zokuxhumana komoya, amafani ehlotshayo ngokusheshayo, nezakhiwo ezihlangene zomlando ozimeleyo engazidingi amandla aphezulu. Kakhulu kakhulu, izixhobo zonke ziqinisekile ekulibalisweni nokulibala nje ikhanda elilodwa lesitshe ngoba lapho kusekelwe konke ukusebenza. Lokhu kugcina imali yokusebenzisa izixhobo ngaphandle kokuthi kuthintele umuntu. Phinda impahla epheleleyo yesayensi enjalo nesakhiwo esiqondile sezixhobo futhi uzobona yini? Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu sezingqondo ezimfihlayo ezinikezela imiphumo embalwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Isiphi sivumelwano se-handling ye-air ngasinye isigaba?

Isivumelwano se-handling ye-air ngasinye isigaba sisivumelwano esisabela ukulethwa kwe-air kusigabeni ngasinye sesivuthi ngokwahlukaniswa, kube yindlela yokonza okuphelele kwezinkalama ne-flow ye-air.

Kunjani ukuba ukwahlukana kwe-thermal kuchaza ekunikezeni izimali?

Ukwahlukana kwe-thermal kusebenzisa ukuphakama kwesilinganiso kwe-air elibomvu ukuze kuvukeke ubushobozi be-cooling ngokudlaqa izidingo ze-air conditioning endaweni abantu baphila khona, ngakho-ke kube yindlela yokunciphisa izindleko zezimali.

Yiziphi iziprofithi esilolwandle ilawula eSingapure ngesikhathi isebenzisa UFAD?

Ilawula iphula lezimali ezibalweni ngo-25.4%, inhlaka yokuqonda kwebantu ephindwe ngo-43%, nokuvukela kweventilation ngamaphuzu angu-22.