Inhlangano yokuvuselela imithi ezingene

Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yomoya Wasendlini Ngezinhlelo Zokuhogela Ezinamandla

Ukuqonda ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi (IAQ) nemiphumela yayo empilweni

Ikhwalithi yomoya omubi endlini iyathinta ngempela abantu, ibangele izinto ezinjengekhanda, ukukhathala, nobunzima bokuphefumula. I-Environmental Protection Agency empeleni ibhala ukungcola komoya endlini njengenye yezingozi ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zempilo esibhekana nazo namuhla. Lapho izindawo zingenayo umoya ofanele, zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezimbi ziyaqoqana ngaphakathi kwazo. Sikhuluma ngezinto ezinjengama-organic compounds agugulekayo wonke umuntu aqhubeka ekhuluma ngawo, izimbungulu ezindizayo, kanye ne-carbon dioxide eningi kakhulu ethe njo emoyeni. Lezi zingcolisi zenza ukungezwani komzimba kube kubi nakakhulu futhi empeleni ziqeda ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi. Yingakho izinhlelo zanamuhla ze-HVAC ezinomoya omuhle zibaluleke kakhulu, zisebenza kanzima ukuze zihlanze futhi zinciphise lezi zinhlayiya eziyingozi. Ngokwenhlolo-vo eyenziwa yi-ASHRAE ngo-2024, lolu hlobo lwesistimu lunganciphisa izinkinga zempilo cishe ngesigamu ezakhiweni zamahhovisi nakwezinye izindawo zokuhweba.

Yini le ndlela sokuvikela ukulayisha kwezinhlanu kanye nokwanda kwe-COâ‚‚

Izinhlayiso eziphambene zisebenza ngokulayisha uhlobo lwezinhlanu ukuze aziqe inhlanu esibi futhi uthole inhlanu entsha evela kudzindunweni ngemigca. Lezi zinhlayiso kancane kunezinto ezifana nezinhlayiso zokuvikela ukwanda kwezinhlanu (HRVs) noma izinhlayiso zokuvikela ukusebenzisa amandla (ERVs) okwenzela ukuthi abekele isiqephu esinekwesibisho sezingxenye eziyisikhombisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo zikhona ukusebenza kodwa zinezinhlanu eziphambene. Izikolo ezingena ngale ndlela yekuvikela inhlanu kancane kunezobona ukuthi amaliwele we-Carbon Dioxide zikhona ngaphansi kwe-1,000 kwezinye zingxenye ezingu-1 million kancane kunezinye izikhathi. Futhi lapho abafundi bengena ngenhlanu engilawulanga, amagcwele wabo akusebenzi kahle futhi ngokomcabango we-Harvard wokuphambene kwemindeni yengu-2023 okubonisa ukuthi kunezobona ukuthi kunezindlela zokucinga ezingu-15.

Isibonelo: Ukuphambene kwezempilo zokudlala kwezindlu zokusebenza ezinekheli le-LEED

Isigodi le-LEED Platinum sekhaya lokugcina eChigaco libekwe amadoda wezokulalela ayi-30% emva kokuthi kuthathwe isicathami soholo olunamandla onemisebenzi ye-IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) yesikhathi esifanayo. Imibuzo yokuvumelana nabasebenzisi yachaze ukuncipha kwezimiso ezithi yindlala nezokuchithwa, okwakhiwe kakhulu kumandla wokuhlolwa kwezinto zokuhlolwa nezokulungisa kwezinto zokuhlolwa.

Isimo: Ukungeza kwezinto zokulinganisa kwe-IAQ kuzo zokuthokozisa izakhiwo eziyane nezulu

Izindinganiso ezintsha ze-WELL ne-LEED v5 manje zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-IAQ, okwenza abakhi basebenzise izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezinemizwa ye-IoT. Ngaphezu kuka-60% wezakhiwo ezintsha eziluhlaza zilandelela i-CO's, ama-VOC, kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane, kuqondanisa ukusebenza komoya nezindinganiso zezempilo zabahlali (USGBC 2024).

Ukwenza Amandla Ngcono Ngokwakha Uhlelo Lokungenisa Umoya Oluthuthukile

Ukulinganisela Ukuqina Komoya Nokulinganisela Kwomoya Ukuze Usebenze Kahle

Izakhiwo zanamuhla eziluhlaza zigcizelela ukwakhiwa okungangeni moya ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuza kokushisa, kodwa lokhu kudinga umoya ohlanzekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe umoya opholile. Imiklamo esebenza kahle isebenzisa ukuqapha ingcindezi nama-dampper azenzakalelayo ukuze kutholakale umoya ohamba kahle - umoya ohlanzekile owanele ukugcina i-IAQ ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla ngenxa yokungenisa umoya ngokweqile.

Izinhlelo Zokuhogela Ezithola Amandla: Zithola Ukushisa Nomswakama Ngempumelelo

Izinhlelo Zokubuyiselwa Kwamandla Okuphefumula (ERV) zikhipha amandla okushisa afinyelela ku-75% emoyeni wokukhipha ukuze zilungise umoya wangaphandle ongenayo. Le nqubo igcina ukulingana komswakama ezindaweni ezomile nezinesimo sezulu esimanzi kuyilapho inciphisa kakhulu imithwalo yokushisa nokupholisa.

Iphuzu Lezidingo: Izinhlelo ze-ERV Zinganciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla E-HVAC Ngo-30% (U.S. DOE)

UMnyango Wezamandla wase-U.S. ubika ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-ERV bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-HVAC ngo-25-30% ezakhiweni ezincane zezentengiselwano ngokusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okusele. Lokhu kulondolozwa kusekela ukuhambisana namazinga we-ASHRAE avuselelwe ka-2023 wokusebenza kahle.

Isu: Ukuvumelanisa Uhlelo Lokungenisa Umoya Nemithetho Eqinile Yezamandla Neziqondiso Zokwakha

Abaklami abacabanga kusengaphambili benza amasistimu okuphefumula afane namakhodi asathuthuka afana ne-IECC 2024 nemithetho yendawo yokungenzi lutho. Lokhu kuhambisana okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesikhathi eside futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla esikhathi sokuphila.

Izinhlelo Zokuhogela Ezihlakaniphile: I-IoT ne-AI Yokuhlelwa Kwesikhathi Sangempela

Ukulawulwa Komoya Okuhambisana Nesidingo Kusetshenziswa Idatha Yokuhlala Esikhathini Sangempela

Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokungenisa umoya zisebenzisa izinzwa ze-IoT ukulungisa ukugeleza komoya ngokuya ngokuhlala kwabantu ngesikhathi sangempela, amazinga e-CO', kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ongaphandle. Izakhiwo ezisebenzisa umoya olawulwa ukufunwa kwezinto ziye zazuza ukusindisa amandla ngo-18% kuya ku-22% ngokunciphisa ukugeleza komoya ukuze kusetshenziswe empeleni, kuvimbele ukuphefumula ngokweqile ngenkathi kugcinwa izindinganiso ze-IAQ.

I-AI ne-IoT Ekupholiseni Izakhiwo: Ukulondolozwa Okuqagelayo Nokulungiswa Komthwalo

Ama-algorithm e-AI ahlola idatha ye-HVAC yomlando nokubikezela kwesimo sezulu ukuze kwenziwe ngcono amashejuli okuphefumula. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 lwathola ukuthi ukufunda ngomshini kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwamandla okuhlobene nokungenisa umoya ngama-27% ezakhiweni zamahhovisi ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa komthwalo okuqagelayo. Izinzwa ze-IoT nazo zithola ukwehla kwesihlungi noma ukungalingani kokugeleza komoya, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa kusenesikhathi futhi kushintshwe kusuka ekusebenzeni okuphendulayo kuya ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.

Isifundo Secala: I-Smart Office Tower inciphisa Imfucuza Yamandla Ngo-25% Nge-AI-Driven HVAC

Isakhiwo samahhovisi esinezitezi ezingu-45 esithakazelisayo eChicago muva nje siye safaka ubuhlakani bokufakelwa ekufakweni komoya, okwabasiza ukuba bonge imali engaba ngu-$190 000 ngonyaka ekushiseni nasekuqandiseni. Okwenza lokhu kusebenze kahle ukuthi uhlelo oluhlakaniphile luthatha ulwazi emithonjeni eminingi kuhlanganise nokunyakaza kwabantu okulandelwa nge-Wi-Fi yasehhovisi, izibuyekezo zesimo sezulu zesikhathi sangempela, nokufundwa kwangempela okuvela kuma-detector wekhwalithi yomoya ngaphakathi esakhiweni uqobo. Zonke lezi zinto zisiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umoya omusha udinga ukujikeleza nini futhi kangakanani usuku lonke. Uma sibheka phambili, abahlaziyi bemakethe balindele ukuba izixazululo ezifanayo zokuhlanza umoya zibe izinto ezivamile. Umbiko wakamuva we-Commercial HVAC Market Report usikisela ukuthi cishe izakhiwo ezingu-7 kwezingu-10 ezintsha zezentengiselwano ziyoba nalezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile eminyakeni embalwa nje.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwengxabano: Ukukhathazeka Ngobumfihlo vs. Ukuzuza Kwokusebenza Kwezinkqubo Ezixhunyiwe

Nakuba umoya ohlanjululwa yi-IoT uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, abaphathi bezakhiwo abangama-43% basho ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwedatha (I-Smart Buildings Survey ka-2024). Ukulinganisela ukulandelela okuphelele kokuhlala kwabantu nokugcina ubumfihlo kudinga izinqubo eziqinile zokwenza abantu bangaziwa. Iningi lezinhlangano manje lisebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezicubungula i-85-90% yedatha yezinzwa endaweni ethile ukunciphisa ukuchayeka emafini kanye nezingozi zokuphepha kwe-cyber.

Ukuhlangabezana Nezindinganiso Zokufakaza Ngezakhiwo Eziluhlaza Ngokusebenzisa Izinhlelo Zokungenisa Umoya Ezisebenzayo

Indlela izitifiketi zokwakha ezilungele imvelo (isb., i-LEED) ezifuna ngayo izindinganiso eziphambili zesistimu yokungenisa umoya

Izitifiketi zokwakha ezihlaza ezifana ne-LEED ziphoqelela izidingo eziqinile zokungenisa umoya ukuze zisekele ukuzinza nenhlalakahle yabahlali. Lezi zihlanganisa amazinga aphansi okugeleza komoya, ukuhlunga okusebenza kahle (ngokuvamile i-MERV 13 noma ngaphezulu), kanye nezici eziphoqelekile zokubuyisa amandla. Ukugunyazwa kudinga ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza ngokuhlolwa nokubhekwa okuqhubekayo.

Izindinganiso zichaza amazinga okuphefumula ngokokuhlala: izindawo zokuhweba ngokuvamile zidinga ukushintshwa komoya okungu-0.5 - 2 ngehora (ACH), kuyilapho izikhungo zezempilo zidinga i-6 - 12 ACH. Izinhlelo ezinokubuyiselwa kokushisa, umoya olawulwa ukufunwa, nokusebenza komsindo ophansi kunikezwa kuqala ukuze kutholakale amakhredithi we-Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).

Amaphuzu we-IEQ ahlobene nokusebenza kokungenisa umoya

Kuze kube ngu-15% wesilinganiso se-LEED sesakhiwo sivela kumamethrikhi e-IEQ ahlobene nokungenisa umoya, kuhlanganise nokugcina i-CO' ngaphansi kuka-1 000 ppm nokuhlunga okuphumelelayo kwe-PM2.5. Ama-ERV anikela kokubili ku-IEQ kanye nama-credit wokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-HVAC ngo-25-30%.

Idatha: Izakhiwo eziqinisekiswe nge-LEED zibonisa i-IAQ engcono ngo-20-30% (USGBC)

Ucwaningo lwe-USGBC lwango-2023 lwathola ukuthi izakhiwo eziqinisekisiwe zigcina amazinga aphansi e-VOC nezimo ezishisayo ezizinzile, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokungenisa umoya okuthuthukile nempilo engcono yabahlali.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umgangatho womoya wasendlini (IAQ) futhi kungani ubalulekile?

Ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini ibhekisela ekhwalithi yomoya ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa empilweni nasendlini yabantu abahlala kuyo. I-IAQ embi ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi empilweni enjengekhanda, ukukhathala nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezinamandla zikuthuthukisa kanjani ukuphefumula endlini?

Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezinamandla amakhulu zithuthukisa i-IAQ ngokulinganisela ukugeleza komoya, ukuhlunga ukungcola, nokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nama-ventilator okubuyisela amandla ukuze agcine ukushisa ngenkathi kushintshaniswa umoya, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungcola kwangaphakathi.

Iziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenza ngamandla?

Izinhlelo ze-ERV zithola ukushisa nomswakama emoyeni wokukhipha, zigcine izinga lomswakama lilinganisiwe futhi zilungise umoya ongenayo, okuyinto inciphisa kakhulu imithwalo yokushisa nokupholisa futhi ikhulise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

I-IoT ne-AI ziyifaka kanjani iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza umoya ezihlakaniphile?

I-IoT ne-AI zithuthukisa ukuphefumula okuhlakaniphile ngokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela yokulungisa ukugeleza komoya ngokuya ngokuhlala kwabantu nekhwalithi yomoya, ukwenza ukugcinwa okuqagelayo, nokwenza ngcono amashejuli okuphefumula ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla.

Iziphi izinkinga zokuthi kungabi namandla wezokugcinwa kwezinhlobo zokuthola amandla?

Yebo, ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ze-IoT ukuze ukubhaliswe kwebhodi kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi namandla. Izinhlobo zokulungisa lezi zinkinga zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziphambene nezinhlobo fokuthi zisebenzise amandla kakhulu.

Ukuthi izinhlobo zokuthola amandla zimele kanjani kuzokuthokozisa izakhiwo eziyane nezulu njenge-LEED?

Izinhlobo zokuthola amandla zingaba yisicaba sokuthokozisa izakhiwo eziyane nezulu ngokuthi zisenze ukuthi izinto zokugcinwa nezokuvikela zingaba yisicaba. Kufanele zilandelwe izindlela eziphambene nezindlela zokuhlolwa, ukulungisa kwezinto zokuhlolwa, nokuthola amandla kwezinto zokuthola amandla ukuze kutholwe amaphimu.