Isisindo sesikhathi sokuhlanza esinamandla?

Ukusebenza Kwesistimu Yokufaka Amava Ngokuphelele

Umsebenzi Wokuphatha: Ukudala nokugcina Umoya Oyisisekelo

Izisikhangeli sezimilo zokufaka amandla, okungathi kuzwa ngokujulile njengamazwi asezindaba zokufaka amandla (PPVs), sebenza ngokufaka amandla amahle kumathuba ngemifanana emikhulu ukusukela kuze kubhekwe ukuthi ipresha yendawo ibe kakhulu kunepresha yendawo engaphandle. Uma lokhu kwenza, amandla amahle ayafika ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphakathi futhi ayadlula izinkumbu, isithelo, nokuthi yiziphi na izinto ezingavumelekileyo ngaphandle kuphakathi kweminye imikhosi esitholwe kakhulu. Lokhu okuphakeme kulezi zisikhangeli kukuthi kuyabona kahle ukuthi kuyabonisa amandla angaphelela kahle noma amandla amahle kuyabonisa kahle, kubeka izimo zibe nzima kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzi bokuphatha izinkumbu bakhuluma noma kubhala izinkinga zokudlula kwezindlu ngokwesikhathi phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlanza amandla. Ukuthi lezi zisikhangeli ziphumelele kahle, kunezinto ezintathu ezidingekayo ukuthi zihambisane kahle. Okokuqala, indawo yezifanana ziyadingeka kakhulu ngokulingana nezindawo zokungena kwezindawo zokuhlaza amandla. Okwesibili, inombolo yamandla ayadlula kufanele iyakhuluma kahle noma yiziphi na izinto ezidhlula ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezindlu. Okwesithathu, izindlela zokuhlaza amandla kufanele zibe chaza kahle futhi zingasibonisi noma yiziphi na izinto ezizobuka.

Ukubhala phakathi kwe-Positive, Negative, ne-Balanced Pressure Ventilation

Ukufunda ngokuthi izindlela zokuvulwa kwamanzi zihlakanipha njani kuyisidingo esikhulu xa kufanele ukhethwe isistimu esihlanganisa umsebenzi. Nge-positive pressure ventilation, amanzi amasha ayathathwa ngokuphuma emkhakheni futhi bayaphuma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphakathi kwalokho, izisitemu zes-negative pressure ziyathatha amanzi kusendaweni, zibeka isifunda esincane endaweni yokuqondisa izinto ezingavumelekile kuze kuzwakalise amanzi. Kwenye isikhathi kukhona isistimu ses-balanced ventilation apho izifan ye-supply ne-exhaust zihlakanipha ngokuhambisana ukuze zilungise isifunda ngokuphelele futhi zilungise amanzi amashwa ngamansi amasha ngokusha kwezinye izindawo. Lezi zindlela zokuhlakanipha ezincane kodwa zizingenayo zingaba zikhulu ngokuthi yini okufanele ukuvulwa.

IPPV isihlukanisa kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphulukisa: umoya wawo owengaphandle kuphela uqhubeka nokukhishwa kwezinto ezingaphansi ngaphandle noma ukubuyisela kuzo ngemikhawulo yomkhosi—lokhu kukhona njengesibonelo sokuvikela esihle kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zokuhlanya okungaphezulu.

Izinqubo Ezinkulu Zokuhlanya Okuphakathi Komoya Okuphakathi

Ukuphulukisa izimpofu: Ukukhishwa Kuphela Kwamafutha Nokudala Kuphela Kwemikhawulo Yokuphula Ngaphandle

Izisistimu ze-PPV zenza umphumela omuhle kwezindlela zokusebenza emadlangaleni xa kufundwa ukuthi kuzokwakha izinkinga ngokukhawuleza. Uma lezi zisistimu zenza ukuthi kubhekwe isikhathi esithile kusuka kwezindawo ezithile, zibhala isikumbi nesigasini esingavumelekile ngendlela eyengeziwe kusuka kwezindawo zokuphuma. Amaphuzu akhethekile aqondisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-90% we-sikumbi singasuswanga kusuka kwezindawo ngemizuzu emihlanu emlandelana ngokuvula kwezisistimu. Ukubona okuhle kusiza abafundi bokulandela ukuthi baphinde ngokuhle futhi kusiza ukuthi bakhuthaze izindlela zokuphuma eziphelele abantu ababili kusuka kwezindawo. Ukudlula isikumbi kuyinto enkulu ekuthinteni abantu emadlangaleni ngokusho kwezifundo ze-NFPA kusukela ngo-2023. Ukususa lokhu ngokukhawuleza kusiza ukuthi abantu bakhale. Kodwa isikhathi sibalulekile kakhulu. Abafundi bokulandela kufanele bavakalishe apho ekhona umdlangalo ngokuchaza kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi bavale izinkampani ze-PPV. Bafanele baphinde bakhathazise ukuthi kukho indawo yokuphuma yezikumbi zonke. Ukugcina okuhle kungase kuthintela ukuthi kubhale isikumbi ngokuvutha ngokuvutha ngoba ukudlula kwesikumbi ngaphandle kuyasinda amandla we-oxygen ezingxenye ezingaphansi kwezinye izinkampani ezinazo ukuthi zibhale ngokuvutha.

HVAC: Ukuphakamisa Indawo Yokubhabhisa Ukuthi Kuhleleke Nokukhupha Amasimbi

Kumisilwa we-HVAC yezibonelo nezinkampani, ukugcina ipresha yokuqondisa ngaphakathi kwemithombo kahle kubizwa ngokuthi ngokungafanayo nesikhombisa esingasizi sokukhupha amasimbi angaphandle. Uma kukho lokhu kucabanga okuncane kwe-airs ngaphandle, kuzokhupha izinto zokufana nokuhlanza, amaparticiles wokudla, ipoleni, nabaphakathi abaningi ukufika ngaphansi kwemiphakathi nezindawo ezingaphakathi kwemithombo. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu kuzindawo apho ubuchwepheshe bezinye kubalulekile kakhulu, bheka izilabho, izindawo zokugcina amadragu, nezindawo zokuproducisa ezinamandla kakhulu. Iziphumo ziyagcina ukubhekana nolwazi lwesinye kuphela. Lokhu kusiza ekukhupheni kwe-condensation phakathi kwemithombo apho kuyenza ukuthi isifuba sisebenze futhi kuyenza ukuthi imithombo ibhaleke ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi kungakwazi ukukhupha amadusti nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ngokuphakeme kwe-80 percent uma kulinganiswa nempilo yezindawo ezingenakho ukulawula ipresha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukho indlela eyodwa yokuthuthukisa engazwakalwa ngokushesha manje: isistimu iyathuthukisa imali yokuqonda nokuhlisa ngoba amaqanda akhuphileyo ayincane ayakhipha ngokuphambuka kwemiphakathi nezindawo ezingaphakathi.

Izinkinga Zokhuseleko Nokusebenza Ezizingekile

Ukukhindela Ukuphuma Kwemithwalo Kwezinkinga Zokuvula Ngokungafanele

Ukubhukuda kwenza ukuthi zonke izinto ezingafana noma zingafana zibhukude ngokufanayo, futhi kuyasebenza kakhulu emasimini apho ukusula kwezinye izinto kungabhekiseki. Ngokwesicelo se-NFPA esitholakala kwisipho sase-2023, ngokugcina isikhathi sokubhukuda kunezinkambo ezingu-3/4 ziyasebenza ngalezi zimo. Uma ukusula okuphelele kwezinye izinto kufakwa ngaphandle kokulandela izindlela ezifanelekileyo, izintemperetsha ziyakwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwe-1100°F ngokushesha ngoba umoya omusha uyafakwa ngqo ekupheleni kwezinto ezingabuka. Abafuna amanzi abanake kufanele bavuse izindlela eziningi lezokuvuma. Okokuqala, kufanele bafunde indawo yempilo yomkhosi wokubhukuda ngaphambi kokuthi bavule amafani ase-PPV. Emva kwalokho, bafanele bakha izindlela zokuhlanza ozinhlangothi azingaqhubeka kuabantu abangaphakathi noma abaningi abayidinga ukuthuluzwa. Izinkambo zokubona ngokwesibonelo sezintemperetsha ziyakwazi ukuthi ziziphi izintemperetsha eziphakeme kakhulu kumagugu. Ukulandela lezi zindlela zokuvuma zokuvuma ziyakuvuma ukuthi ukusula okuphelele kwezinye izinto kuyakusiza ukuthi umkhosi wokubhukuda uhlale ngaphansi kanye nokungahleli ukuthi kuzimele.

Imiphumela Yokubhekana Nokuphakanyiswa Kwemithambo Kakhulu Nobuchwepheshe Bakho

Kodwa izindlu zibhekana nokuphakanyiswa kwemithambo kakhulu ngaphandle, izinto eziningi zingahleli. Amawindi angathwala phansi, amadlozi angabhalwe ngokungafihli, isikhumba sezindlu singabonakali, kanye nezinhlangano zokuhlanza nekukhula (HVAC) zingaqhubeka kahle. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu ubugcino, kukho izindlela eziphambili ezingavumelekileyo. Okokuqala, kufanele kubekwe amaventi okuvuleka kwemithambo nesikhondlo esincane sokuthi sibe yisikhundla esilinganisa ngokulinganisa ngo-15% yezinto zonke ezinikwa ngendlela yokusebenza. Okwesibili, amafani we-PPV awasebenza kahle kakhulu uma abelwe kubizokuphakanyiswa kwemithambo okuzobuyela ngokuphakade. Kanti ungakhohlwa ukubheka ngokuphakade ukuthi kubiziphi amadlozi ukuvula emva kokuphakanyiswa kwemithambo, futhi ukuthi kufanele kube yinkhathi engaphezu kwezinkhathi ezintathu zokubiza. Uma sibheka imboni yale ndlela ye-FM Global yokuqala yezindlu zokusebenza ngo-2024, izindlu ezenzekile lezi zindlela zazibona ukuphulukisa kwezinkinga zokuphakanyiswa kwemithambo ngokuphakade — ngokubhalwa kwezifundo zabo, kubizwa ngokuphulukisa ngokulinganisa ngo-66%.

Imithwalo Yokusebenza Nokukhetha Amaphoyinti Ama-PPV

Ukukhetha ifan ye-positive pressure ventilation esiyofanele kubalulekile kufuneka ukubizana izisifundo zesayensi nezinto ozodinga ngazo kulesi sikhathi. Isivinini sesibhakisi esihlanganisa i-cubic feet per minute sibona ukuthi ifan iyakhokha kanjani isibhakisi noma iyashintsha isibhakisi esibi, okubalulekile kakhulu xa kusebenziswa emaphakathini amakhulu. Isi-Static pressure sibonisa ukuthi ifan iyasebenza kanjani ekuphikisweni kwemithwalo eyisiphambili njengezinyango eziphumelelayo, izindawo zokugcina ezincane, noma imithwalo embona kumaphakathi. Izifan eziningi zisebenza phakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-1 inch we-water gauge pressure. Uma akukho static pressure esifanele, ifan ayizange ibe yimfanelo kumaphakathi amakhulu noma kumaphakathi aphumelelayo kakhulu. Xa kuyisikhathi sokudura, kufuneka sibe nemotora yezindustria ezingenayo inkulu kune-1.5 horsepower ukuze isebenze kahle ngokuphepha kwesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifan kufuneka zibe nenqaba engcono eyisikhundla esingasindwa yona futhi zibe nemiphepho engasindwa yona ngokuphepha kwezindawo zokusebenza. Sibhekisele kwezinye izinto njengokushusha kwezifan. Kusenqumeni noma kumaqondo wokufunda, ukugcina umshusho phansi kwe-85 decibels kusiza ukungavunyelwa ukungafuni ukuzwa kwezinkundla zokuphatha izifan ngemizuzu eminingi.

Iziphimba ezibalulekile zokukhetha:

• Izindlela Zokusebenza : Ukuhlanganisa kwezinkulungwane zokuphatha ukuvikela phansi kwemithombo yezinye izinkulungwane (CFM >30,000) nokuthumela kusheshile; ukuphakamisa kwe-HVAC kubhekisele kuukhona okuphakamile okuphakathi kokugcina isikhundla sokuphakama ngokuphakathi kwezinkinga zokuguqula.
• Ukufika kusendaweni & Ukwenza : Umkhondo wokuphakama, isimo sesigubhu, nokuthenga kwezinto ezihlukanayo kuyaphakamisa ukufika kusendaweni futhi kuyaphinda ububi lwesibindi.
• Umvuzo Wamandla : Amafani e-electric asinika umsebenzi owodwa noma wokunqamuka kwezinye izinkulungwane; amafani ase-gas asinika ukufika kusendaweni okuphezulu nokuthuthukisa okuphezulu kwezindawo ezingaphandle noma ezingaphakathi.
• Ukuphulwa Kwenkolozi : Amaphethi ase-sealed, amathuba ase-stainless-steel, namaphephethi ase-marine-grade ayidingekile kuzo zonke izindawo ezingaphakathi kwezinye izinkulungwane, ezingaphakathi kwezinye izinkulungwane, noma ezingaphakathi kwezinye izinkulungwane.

Ukukhetha okuphezulu kuyakhula ukuthengiswa nokuthuthukisa ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa okuphezulu; ukukhetha okuphansi kuyabeka emthwakathini umsindo wokuphila nokusebenza kwezinhlelo. Ukukhetha okuhle kuyabhekisa kuukhona kwezinhlelo zokuphatha, ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukuthuthukisa, nokuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

U: Isizindiso sezinhlelo zokuphakama kwe-positive pressure?
A: Isisitemo sesikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo (PPV) sisebenza ngokuthi kusindiswe umoya othuluzi kubhildingi kuze kube khulu kunomoya waphandle, okusiza ekusukweni kwemithi, umthelelo, nokungena kwemiphumela yezinto ezingavumelekile.

U: I-PPV iyahluka kanjani kuma-sistimu esikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo nesikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo esifanayo?
A: I-PPV isindisa umoya omusha kusuka phakathi, ngakho-ke ama-sistimu esikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo asusula umoya kusuka emasimini, okwenzela ukuthi kwenziwe isikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo. Ama-sistimu esikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo asifanayo ayakhathala umoya owenziwe ngokufanayo kanye nokususa, okuyisifiso esihle kuma-setingi wezibhizinisi ezidinga ukuthi umoya ubheke kahle.

U: Iziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa i-PPV?
A: I-PPV zisetyenziswa kakhulu emsebenzini wokuvikela inkanyazo ukusukela imithi, futhi kuma-sistimu we-HVAC ukuthi kubhekeke isikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi kunezinto ezinconywa noma kungena kwezinto ezingavumelekile.

U: Kuzime izinkinga zokuphepha okunconywa kangaka xa kusetshenziswa i-PPV?
A: Izinkinga ezinkulu zivela kuzo ukungabonisi ukuthi kuzoba yizinye izinkulungwane zokuphakamisa impilo kwezinkanyazo ngokuplanina kahle umoya owenziwe, futhi ukuthi kubhekelwe izinkinga zokuphakamisa impilo kakhulu ukuze kungabonisi ukuthi kuzoba yizinye izinkulungwane zokugcina isikhathi sokuphakamisa impilo.

U: Kuzime izinto ozidinga ukuzibona xa uyakhetha ifan ye-PPV?
A: Imicriteria yokuhlanganisa okubalulekile kufaka kuwo isivinini sesikhathi sokusebenza, amandla okuphepha kwesikhathi sokusebenza, ukutholakala kwe-motor, ukuthintana nendawo, ukuthola kwezindawo zokusebenza, nokuhambisana kwezithunzi zokusebenza nendawo apho kuzosetyenziswa.