Ukuvutha Inhloso ngekondisi yamakoti

Kanjani izinhlelo zokulayisha eziphakathi kwezinyoni zokwehlisa ukwethembeka kwezimali

Ukuchaza: Indima yeRooftop Air Conditioner kukwelashwa kwezulu nokungcola

Izinhlelo zokulayisha eziphakathi kwezinyoni zinikeza ukwelashwa kwezulu okuphephile ngokuthi kuthatha indawo ephakeme kakhulu ukuze kuthuthwe amandla nemvelo. Noma kunye nezingxenye ezingathathelwa kakhulu kuzo okungaphakathi, zinikeza ukwabelana kwezulu okuphephile kuzindawo zezindawo zokusebenza ezinkulu. Indawo ephakathi kwezinyoni yenzi ukwabelana kwezulu phakathi ngama-40% noma kunye nezinhlelo eziphelele (ASHRAE 2023).

Ukusebenza kwe-Akustika kuhlelwe ngokufanise - ukusetha amadivayisi kwiqanda ukhuphela ukuvuleka kwekhumapilo kwaye ukwenza amanqaku aqala ngemvumelwano ngokwezibini ezingama-15-20. Le kombisa yokulawulwa ngokucacileyo kwezibini kwaye ukunciphisa ukungqinelwa kwenza umqondo ongekhanywayo oqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhuthaze kwaye bakhusele.

Imali Edlulayo kwiindawo kwaye ukhuthazo lwezomthandazo: Ingqo yayo yase-HVAC

Imicaba yaseqanda yokukhanya yamandla yasekhaya iyahlela ukuphepha kwezomthandazo ngokunye nezinto ezintathu eziphuhlisekileyo:

• Ukulawulwa okuphezulu : Iifiltri zika-MERV 13+ zibekela 98% yezinto eziphathelene nezulu, kuxandwa weepollen kwaye iindlela zokudlula.
• Ukuvula okulandelayo (DCV) : Iisensile zokugqitha ziyajikeleza ngokuvulekileyo ukunyuka kwezulu elisha, ukuncipisa amaqhekefu ase-CO₂ ngama-30% ngemizuzu ephakeme.
• Ukulawulwa kwehhamidite : Ukulawulwa ngokucacileyo kwehhamidite kuthiwa kwi-40-60% yehhamidite yendawo, ukuncipisa inkalipo yemililo kwaye ukungqinelwa kwezinyhloso.

Ukuthuthukiswa kweqhamo lelihlangothi kuhlanganiselwe nekulungisa okuphakathi kwezinkqubo zokucinga kwa-12% empliyini (Harvard Healthy Buildings 2022), kubekwa ngendlela yokuthi izinhlobo zokulayisha eziphakeme zehalelwa njengenqubo ebalulekileyo yezempatho nezokusebenza.

Isicathami: Ukuvuselelwa kwezinkampani ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zokulayisha ezintsha

Inkampani yamaphurekhwe amaningi angu-250,000 sq. ft. edlule ukucindezela kwezindleko zokusebenza ngo-22% emva kokubuya ngeminyaka yezinhlobo zokulayisha ngokushintshana nezinhlobo zokulayisha ezilandelayo. Emva kokuvuselelwa kubhalwe amaphollingi abeke:

• 85% labantu abasebenzisa inkampani babo babhalile ukuthi kunezindleko eziphakade zokulingana kwesikali
• 78% babhalile ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kwezokungcola noma ukuvanga kwesihlangu
• Izindleko zokulungisa zikhanselwe ngo-18% ngokuthi ukufinyelela kwezinhlobo zokulayisha kuhlelwe

Ukusebenza kweprojekthi kutholwe ukubuyela kwenqubo ngeminyaka engu-3.8, ukubonisa indlela izinhlobo zokulayisha ezintsha zenziwe ngazo ukuthi kunezokulingana phakathi kwezokuphepha, ukusebenza okuphakade kanye nezindleko.

Ukusebenza kwezindleko nezokunceda ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zokulayisha ezilandelayo

Imithombo yokulinda izindawo zasekhaya yenkululeko yokulinda izindawo yasekhaya iyabelana nezindlela zokusebenzisa amandla okuphela kakhulu ngama-20–50% kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zasekuqaleni, lokhu kungaphansi kwezinhnovu ezifana nezinhlobo zokugcina amandla okuphela okuthi zilungiselela ukulinda kakhulu ngokwesicelo esihlukile. Lokhu kuthinta ukunciphisa kwezindlela zokulinda ngokwezinsuku ezingu-18–34% kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo eziphathelene nezindlela zokulinda (Inkantolo yamandla ye-US 2023).

Ukuvutha kwamandla weCompressor nezindlela zokusebenzisa amandla okuphela

Izinhlobo zokugcina amandla eziphambene neziphambene zisebenzisa amandla angu-15–30% ngaphansi kwenhlobo lesikhulu futhi licophele ukulawulwa kwezulu. Uma kuhlanganisiwe nezinhlobo zokulawulwa kwezulu (TXVs), ukulayela kwamandla kwenziwa ngendlela enembile, ukuthula kwezindlela zokulawulwa kwezulu ezingu-7–12% ezifana nezinhlobo zokulawulwa ngokwezindlela ezifushane.

Izinhlobo zokulawulwa kwezulu nezindlela zokulawulwa kwezulu ngokwezifiso

Izithermostethi ezaziwa ukuba kukhona okulawuli ukuchulela kwezindawo ezingenakulawuli, kwaye kubeke amakhosha okugcina amandla kwe-HVAC ngama-23%. Lapho kudityaniswa nezona zokuphanti amandla, izindlu zifinyelela ukuba wayisemathileni ngama-22–33% ngokungabi kuchulela ngaphezulu kuzindawo eziphansi ukugcina izindlu noma imigwaqo esikweni.

Imirhwa yokunyusa kwe-RIO ngokuthi ukuhlela imithombo yokuchulela emandleni ye-Rooftop

Izindlu zokusebenza kuvumele ukuthi izindleko zokuthi uhlele imithombo yokuchulela emandleni ye-rooftop eziphumelelayo kwezimali ezisodwa ngama-3–5 ngokuthi kuvunyelwe amandla. Ngokuphumelela kwama-15, izindleko zokulungisa kungabi ngama-19–28% ngaphansi kwezinye izindlu eziphansi, kwaye kubeke amalungu angama $2.10–$3.50 ngokudla kwezimali ethengwe.

Ukukhumbula indawo kanye nezinhlelo zokudwelisa izindlu zoMthombo we-Rooftop AC

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa indawo ngaphakathi ngokuthi kudityaniswe ne-Rooftop

Ukuthi kwehlela izinhlayiya zokulula kwezimali kuzindawo zokuphakama kungaba kube nezindawo eziphakathi kwezimali kusukela ku-10% usuku lokuqala ku-15% ngisho nangeke kudingi ukuthi kwehlela izindawo eziphezulu noma yonke into ephakeme kakhulu eqhutshwa kuzindawo. Kuthini lokhu kusho? Izi-ndhala zingathola futhi ukusebenzisa okungaphezulu okungcono njengekuthutha izindawo zabo zokusebenza, ukuthi kwehlela izinhlanganisela zokuthengisa, noma ukudala izindawo ezintsha zokwenza. Ngokwesicelo esikhulu esenzelwe kuleli yiphi ukuphathwa kwemali kwa-ndhala, ukuthi kwehlela i-HVAC kuzindawo zokuphakama kuthula ukuthi kudingi ukuthi kwehlela izinhlayiya ngokuphezulu kwezinye izindawo ngokuphezulu kwe-230 isikwele kusuka kuyiphi nzindawo. Ngokunandi, ukuthi kwehlela yonke into kuzindawo eziphezulu kuthula ukusebenzisa okungcono abasebenzisi abangasebenzi ukuthi kufanele bathuthuke kuzindawo eziphakathi kusukela kunezinsuku zokusebenza.

Ukuthi kwehlela kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo zangaphandle kwezimali kwezindhala

Ukulayisha izigidi zokuxhumana emlonyeni ngaphandle kweyona kuyakunceda amakhaya ukuba nobuso obuhle futhi akhumbule ukugcina amafasi eziqondile fana nokutholakaliwa kuzo. Izinhloso zokugcina emhlabeni phezu kwegradi futhi zivimba izihowe, kodwa lapho kuzothakazelwa phezulu, abasebenzi bakhuwa bakwazi ukwenza izinkomba nezicuku ezinhle ngaphandle kokuqiniseka mayelana nokufihla izinhloso. Izinhloso ezintsha kunezindlela ezimnyama futhi zinezinhlobo zokubonakala ezifanayo nezindlela zokubhakabhaka noma izicuku esibonelwa ngazo, ngakho-ke kuzonakala ngokungcono. Kuhle kakhulu ngokwesibonelo esibonakalayo, lokhu kuyakunceda ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokubamba amaphoyinti aseLEED (LEED points) ngoba akudingi ukulwa kwezinye izithuthi. Izindlu ezihistori kuyathuthukiswa kakhulu ngale ndlela, futhi amaphrofethi apholile kuzo ezinduneni lapho ikhaleli inemigomo engcono mayelana nokuthi yini ebonakala ngokungathembekile.

Ukubaluleka, Ukungcola Ingcondvo, futhi Okunguquselela Ukulindiswa

Imicamelo ye-air conditioner yekhanda yenqanawe yonikezwe ngokuhlinzeka kanye nokusebenza okuqinile, kubhekiselela kakhulu emaphakathi wezimali: ukubonwa kwezulu ephahla kanye nokungcola kwezinye zokudlala phakathi kwesibaya.

Ukusebenza kweqembu le-HVAC ephakemele kwezimoya eziphambene nezindlela zokusebenza

Iyakhiwe ngokuthiwa ngezinto ezingenakukungcola nezinto ezingenakukungcola, imicamelo ephakemele iyasebenza ngokuphelele (–30°F ku-125°F), imicaba eliphezulu (kuya kuma-50 lbs/izitayela esibonile), nezulu eziphezulu kune-130 mph ngekunakukusebenza (ASHRAE 2023). Lokhu kuyakhiwa kuthulela ukuthatha izixhumano ezingaba nezulu ngokwezindlela zokusebenza zokuthengisa kancane noma ngaphezulu kwezindlela zokusebenza zasekhaya.

Ukuthula nokuthuthukiswa kwezulu kwezindlela zokufaka eziphezulu

Ukubeka izixhobo ngaphezulu kakhulu kunciphisa ukungqinelwa kwamathuba kwiindawo zokubona. Kwelinye icala le-2022 libonisa ukuba xa iisistimu ze-HVAC zilandelayo zikwisikeni zize zilandelayo kwiindawo zokusebenzela, izimbono evela kwiindlela zingcina kabangela 8 kuya kuma-12 decibels. Le nto ngokwenene ichaza ukuncipha kwamathuba kwiindawo zokusebenzela. Iindleko zobungqina bebenza kune ngokusemthethweni nazo zizinto eziphambene nezinye. Zinezixhobo zokunceda ukuthibela ukuvula kwezivakalisi kwaye zinezinhlambo zokuxhasa amathuba ngokungcola ngokungcola. Konke le nto kusiza ukuba indawo ibe ngaphakathi kwi-35 dB(A) ebonisa nguye ASHRAE yekhabineti apho abantu kufuneka bacacise.

Ukufikelela kwiindleko yokulungisa kwaye ukudlala kwezixhobo zokugqitha amathuba ekhaya

Ukuphila kahle kuyindlela ebalulekileyo ekuvikeleni ukuphila kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kwezinhlayiya zokulinda izindawo eziphakeme. Izinhlayiya ezikhuthazwe kahle zisebenza ngendlela ethembekile kwa-15–20 iphupho—kanti yona le yekuphila kwezinhlayiya ezingakhuthazwa—nokwenza ukuthi kungena amaphesenti angama-30% wokusebenza okungatholakali ngenxa yezinto ezithile.

Ukuphila okuphawuliweyo ukuvikela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezinhlayiya zokulinda eziphakeme

Ukubheka izilayili zokulinda ngokuphawuliweyo, ukuvikela amaphakathi apholile, nokuthi zonke izinkqubo zokuxhumana nezinhloso ziyatholakale kungena ukuthi kungena amaphupho amabi. Ukuhlela amaphesili ngokuphawuliweyo kanye nokubheka izinhloso zokulinda ngokuphawuliweyo kungena ukuthi izinhlayiya zonke zisebenze ngendlela engcono ngenxa yokulinda okungapheliweyo. Abakhankatha abasebenzisa izimiso ze-ASHRAE zokuphila kahle kuzothenga kancane kakhulu, kungaba amaphesenti angama-22% ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 kulo abakhankatha abathinta kuphela xa kuthathwe into.

Ukwehla kwezikhathi kungatholakali futhi ukufinyelela kwezinkqubo kungenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya zilandela eziphakeme

Ukubeka imishini ophahleni kusho ukuthi ochwepheshe bangasebenza kuyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okwenzekayo ngaphakathi ezakhiweni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengezibhedlela lapho abantu behlala beseduze, kanye nasezitolo nasezakhiweni zamahhovisi ezimatasa. Lapho konke sekusendaweni eyodwa phezulu, abasebenzi abasadingi ukuhamba ezindaweni eziphithizelayo. Abanye abaphathi bezakhiwo babika ukuthi izikhathi zokusebenza ziyancipha cishe ngo-40% ngale ndlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba phezulu kugcina izingxenye ezibucayi ziphephile ezintweni eziwa phansi, umswakama, nalezo zingozi ezincane ezenzeka lapho kungekho muntu onaka. Izinhlelo zihlala isikhathi eside futhi azidingi ukulungiswa ngokushesha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ophahleni?

Izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ophahleni zinikeza induduzo engcono yokushisa neyokulalelwayo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuklama okulondoloza isikhala, ukuqina, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye nezinzuzo zokunciphisa umsindo.

I-HVAC esophahleni iyithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini?

Imicamelo ye-HVAC evela kakhulu ingqikithi yokulula, ukuvulelwa okulondoloziwe ngeyimali, nokulawulwa kwehlukahlukahluka ukuze kuthuthukwe kakhulu ubungqina bokomoya ngaphakathi.

Izimcamelo zokuliboshwa kwezinyoni ziyimali engcono?

Yebo, ngokwesijili zilandela ukubuyiselwa kwezimali ngaphakathi kwezinyanga 3–5 ngokusebenzisa amandla futhi abe ngemali encane ebalwe.

Yini indawo yekhulu lemcamelo wokuliboshwa wezinyoni ongathuthwa ngempela?

Ngekucululelwa ngempela, le micamelo ingasebenze ngemiphumela yayo kwezinyaka 15–20.