HVAC: i-AHUs vs i-FCUs

Izinqubo Zokusebenza Ezinkulu: Ukusebenza Kwezinye Ngokuphakeme Nokusebenza Kwezinye Ngokulocalize

Sizingani njani i-AHU isihlangothi, isifunda, nokuthumela izinye ezintsha kuzo zonke izindawo

Ama-Air Handling Unit, noma ama-AHU, empeleni ayizinhliziyo zezinhlelo eziningi ze-HVAC ezakhiweni ezidayiswayo. Lawo madivayisi adonsa umoya ongaphandle, awudlulise ngezihlungi eziningana eziqoqa cishe u-90% wothuli nezinhlayiya, bese efudumeza noma epholile umoya esebenzisa amasistimu ahlukahlukene. Uma seliphelile, lomoya udluliselwa emigwaqweni emide ngesivinini esimangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezu kwamalitha angu - 10 000 ngomzuzwana emibhoshongweni emikhulu yamahhovisi. Okuhlukanisa ama-AHU nezinhlelo ezincane ze-spot yikhono lawo lokugcina izakhiwo zinengcindezi efanele kuyilapho kugcinwa izimo eziqinile zokulawula isimo sezulu. Izakhiwo eziningi zanamuhla zingagcina amazinga okushisa engaphansi nje kuka - 1°C namazinga omswakama angaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu kuzo zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo. Ngenxa yokuthi ahambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-ASHRAE zokungenisa umoya, la masistimu abaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izinga lomoya lisindisa khona ukuphila, njengezikhungo zezokwelapha namalebhu okucwaninga lapho ngisho nokuguquguquka okuncane kungabangela inhlekelele.

Ukuthi i-FCU zihlukanisa njani nokuhlela amafutha emkhakha ngaphandle kokugxilwa kwezinye izinhlangano

Ama-Fan Coil Units (FCUs) amelela izixazululo eziqinile, ezenziwe endaweni ethile zokulungisa amazinga okushisa angaphakathi ngokuguqula nokulungisa umoya osukhona endaweni kunokuba ungenise umoya ongaphandle. Ngokuvamile efakwa ophahleni noma efihliwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga, la madivayisi adonsa umoya ngokusebenzisa izihlungi ezilula ngaphambi kokuwudlulisela phezu kwamanzi apholile noma afudumele. Ukungabi khona kokungeniswa komoya ngaphandle kusho ukuthi ama-FCU angakwazi ukulungisa amazinga okushisa egumbi cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-40 ngokushesha uma eqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zendabuko ze-HVAC, nakuba engakwazi ukulawula umswakama noma ukufaka umoya. Uma kuziwa emazingeni omsindo, ama-FCU amaningi asebenza phakathi kwama-decibel angu-35 no-45, okwenza afaneleke ezindaweni lapho kunokuthula khona, njengamakamelo ezivakashi ehhotela noma izindawo zamahhovisi. Kodwa nansi inhlansi: Njengoba ama-FCU engenawo amandla okuphefumulela, ancike ngokuphelele kwezinye izinhlelo ukuze angenise umoya ohlanzekile. Ngaphandle kokusekelwa kahle komoya, amazinga e-carbon dioxide angadlula kalula amanani ayingozi angaba yizingxenye eziyi-1000 ngesigidi ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu noma ezakhiweni ezinokulawulwa okunganele kokugeleza komoya.

Izinkinga zokugcina nokusebenza: Ubukhulu, Ukuqondwa, Umsho, kanye nokuthinteka kwesikhathi sokuphila

Kukhona izinkinga eziningi eziphakanyiswa ekubhekiseni kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha (HVAC), kusukela kuzo ukwahluka phakathi kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha (AHUs) nezinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha ngemifanekiso (FCUs), kungakhathalelwa ubude, ubukhulu, imiphumela yezinkumbulo, nokuthi kuzoba yini ukuthengiswa kusasa. Izinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha zisebenza kahle ngezinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha ezinkundla ezingaphakade, okuyinto enkulu kakhulu kumaqondiswano amaningi, kodwa zidinga indawo enkulu yokufaka futhi izinkundla ezinamandla kuwo wonke umkhakha. Izinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha ngemifanekiso (FCUs) zingadinga indawo encane futhi zingafakwa emaqondiswaneni amaningi kumkhakha ngaphandle kokudinga kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha ezinkundla ezingaphakade, kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthi zihlukanisa amafutha emaqondiswaneni angaphakade endaweni yabo, ngakho akuzange zibuye amafutha amasha kusuka kumhlaba ngaphandle njengoba zenzeka kahle. Ukuthengiswa kuvumela ukuthi kubheke isithembiso esinye. Izinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha (AHUs) zingathengiswa ngokuphakeme kakhulu kwanoma yikuphi ukuthi ziyasebenza ngokuphakeme kakhulu, kodwa zingabuyela ukuthengiswa kwezimali zokusebenzisa amandla kusasa uma zisebenziswa emaqondiswaneni amaningi. Ngaphakathi kwesinye isikhathi, izinhlangano zokuhlanza amafutha ngemifanekiso (FCUs) zingathengiswa ngokucacile kakhulu kwanoma yikuphi ukuthi zingafana nokuthengiswa ngokucacile kakhulu ngoba zingadinga izinkundla ezincane, kodwa ukudala izinkundla zonke zokusebenza ngokuphelele kungabangela ukuthi kubuyele ukuthengiswa kwezimali zokulungisa kusasa.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-AHU nokuthembekile kwe-Ducted ngaphandle kokuphakeme kwe-FCU nokufunyanwa kwemibono yezifunda

Ama-Air Handling Units (AHU) alungele kakhulu ukwandisa ukusebenza ngoba ahambisa umoya onamakhaza ezindaweni ezinkulu njengezakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezingamamitha-skwele angaphezu kuka-10.000 esebenzisa izinhlelo zezinduku ezonga amandla lapho zisebenza ngamandla aphelele. Inzuzo eyinhloko yalolu hlelo oluphakathi yizindleko eziphansi zamandla ngendawo ngayinye, nakuba kudinga amakamelo akhethekile angokomshini angahlala cishe ngo-20% wendawo etholakalayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo. Ama-Forced Air Units (FCUs) asebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokuletha umoya onamazinga okushisa alawulwayo endaweni ethile kusuka emaqenjini amancane angena kahle emgodini noma ngaphansi kwezingqimba zamafasitela. Lezi zinhlelo eziqinile zivumela ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu okuhlukile kumagumbi ngamanye aqala cishe ngamamitha-skwele angu-200 ngalinye. Nakuba ama-FCU enengqondo ukufakwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo, awahlanganisi ukugeleza komoya kahle njengoba kwenza ama-AHU, okungaholela ezinkingeni zomswakama ezindaweni lapho umoya unqunyelwe khona. Kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapha:

• Ukusebenzisa indawo ngokwehlanzekile : I-FCU zimisa izinkinga zokusebenzisa isikhundla ngemiphumela yezinkampani ngama-30–50% kulokho okwenziwa ngamatshwali ase-AHU.
• Ukuguquguquka Kokusungulwa Kwendawo : I-FCU zivumela ukulawula ngisho lekhaya, kubhekiswe kuzo ukuphatha kwamandla ngama-15–25% emizimbeni yokuqala kwezinhlobo zokusebenza.
• Ukuthinta kwe-Ductwork : I-AHU zisebenzisa amaducts ukukhokha amafutha ngokufanayo futhi ukuvuma ukuthinteka kwezifutha—kepha kudibanisa ama-10–20% kusikhathi sokufaka.

Izivumelwano zokubala: Ukuvulwa Kwamafutha (L/s), Ukukhokha Kwesibonelo (kW), Nebalulekile Kwezindlebe Zokusho

Ukubheka izibalo zokusebenza kubonisa amagebe amakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo. Ama-Air Handling Units (AHU) angahambisa umoya ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-1 000 no-5 000 litres ngomzuzwana futhi abe namandla okupholisa aphakathi kuka-50 no-300 kilowatts. Lezi zincazelo zenza kube kuhle ezindaweni ezinemfuneko enkulu njengamahholo ekhonsathi noma amakamelo ezinsizakalo lapho ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Fan Coil Units (FCUs), asebenza ngezinga elincane kakhulu ngokuvamile aphatha ukugeleza komoya phakathi kwamalitha angu-50 no-200 ngomzuzwana ngamakhono okupholisa asukela ku-2 kuya ku-20 kW iyunithi ngalinye. Zifaneleka kangcono ezindaweni ezincane njengamahhovisi noma amakamelo okulala ehhotela lapho isikhala sibaluleke kakhulu kunamandla nje. Uma kuziwa emsindweni, kukhona nomehluko ophawulekayo. Ama-AHU angelashwa angenza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu, afinyelele ezingeni lomsindo lama-decibel angu-60 kuya kwangu-70, kuyilapho ama-FCU ethule ngaphansi kwama-decibel angu-50, okwenza umehluko ezindaweni lapho abantu kudingeka bagxile noma baphumule khona. Ngokombono wezimali, ama-AHU avame ukonga cishe amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 ezindlekweni zokusebenza lapho efakwa ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Ama-FCU anciphisa izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 lapho kwenziwa kabusha kodwa anezidingo zokugcinwa eziphakeme ngoba asakazeke ezakhiweni kunokuba abe yizindawo eziyinhloko njenge-AHU.

Ukufaneleka Kwesicelo: Ukulandela i-HVAC AHUs kunye ne-FCUs kusuka kwehlobo lomkhakha nokuthanda ukusebenza

Lapho Kufanele Ukhethwe i-AHUs: Amathuba Okukhanya Kakhulu (Amahospitali, Amalaboratori, Ukubuyisa Kwangaphambili)

Lapho kuziwa ezindaweni lapho izinga lomoya libaluleke kakhulu, ama-Air Handling Units (AHU) avame ukuba yindlela engcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona umoya omningi ohamba kahle. Izibhedlela namalebhu ocwaningo ngokuvamile adinga ukushintshwa komoya okuphelele okuyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-15 njalo ngehora ukuze kugwenywe amagciwane namakhemikhali ayingozi. Ama-AHU akwenza kahle lokhu ngenxa yohlelo lwawo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, izihlungi eziyinhloko ze-HEPA, kanye nekhono lokulungisa kahle amazinga omswakama. Ezakhiweni ezakhiwayo manje, la madivayisi asebenza kahle nasezindaweni ezinkulu ezivulekile, agcina amazinga okushisa nomswakama eqinile kuwo wonke amagumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma zihlanganiswa nama-ventilator okuvuselela amandla, empeleni zinganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokuphawulekayo ezindaweni ezidinga umoya ovundlile njalo. Lezi zinhlelo zithola cishe amaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-80 okushisa okuphuma emoyeni, okungasindisa imali kuphela kodwa futhi kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-ASHRAE 90.1 namakhodi ezakhiwo endawo.

Lapha Kufanele Ukhethwe Amasikhundu AmaFCU: Amaprojekthi Okuvuselela, Amakhaya Ehoteli, Namasipansi Oyidingekayo Ukuzihlukanisa Ngokwesibonelo

Izithombe zokugcina amanzi, noma i-FCUs, zihlakanipha kakhulu xa ukufaka izilayini zokugcina amanzi akwenzeki noma kuzoba yinkulungwane yokuthenga. Hlola lezi zindawo zezindlu ezedala ezidinga ukuguqula noma izindawo eziphakeme emaphakathi amaningi. I-FCUs zisebenza ngokuphindaphinda lezi zinkinga ngokubhala izilayini zokugcina amanzi ngemikhawulo yezilayini zokugcina amanzi esekujwayelekileyo, engazimiselela ukuthi zibe ngezilayini ezingaphezulu ezinconywa isikhundla. Indlela lezi zisistimu zisebenza ngokwesibonelo ziyasiza kakhulu emazini okuhlela izindlu noma emazini okusebenza ophakeme abasebenzisa izindawo eziningi. Abantu bafuna ukuthi bakhathalele indawo yabo, ngakho ukuthi ukuthatha iziphakamiso zokugcina amanzi ngendawo ngendawo kuyisidingo esikhulu ukuthi bonke babe nokuhlakanipha futhi ukuthi abahleli bezindlu bakholelwe kwezinye izinketho. Okunye okufanele kuchazwe ngema FCUs kukuthi zihlinzela amanzi asekhaya endaweni yokuthintela amanzi angaphandle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlu zidinga isikhundla esincane sokusebenza ngokuvamile, kunciphisa izinkinga ngemigqa engu-40% kulokho kusenziwa ngemizila yezindawo zokusebenza amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusiza ukuthi izindawo eziningi zibe nokuhlakanipha ngaphandle kokusebenza kwezinsuku zokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthintela isimo sokubeka izindawo zezindlu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinguquko ezingaphambili phakathi kwe-AHU ne-FCU ziyini?

Iz-AHU zihlawulwe ukusuka kumkhosi wokuhambisa amafutha, ukufilta, nokubonisa amafutha, futhi ziyisifundo sokukhula kwezindawo ezenziwe ngokukhulu okufune ukuvulwa kwamafutha. Iz-FCU zizobhekisele kubukhulu bokugcina isikhathi esingaphansi ngaphandle kokuvulwa kwamafutha, futhi zinconywa ukuguqula isikhathi ngokushesha emazweni amancane.

Kungani umkhosi ungakhetha iz-AHU ngaphezu kwez-FCU?

Amakhosi okufuna ukuphatha kahle kwezinhlobo zamafutha, njengamahospitale nezilaboratori, abenefitha kuma-AHU ngokwazo okukhulu kokuvulwa kwamafutha nokugcina isikhathi esihlukene ngokuphelele emazweni amaningi.

Kuziphindele zingaphi iz-FCU ziyasebenza kahle?

Iz-FCU ziyasebenza kahle emaphrojekthini okuqala kabusha, emazinkhathini, nezindawo ozofuna ukuzihlukanisa ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukufaka amaducts akhona noma akhona ukuthi kuyisilinganiso sokuthenga.

Iz-AHU nez-FCU zihambisana kanjani ngokwesilinganiso sokuthenga?

I-AHU ziyabizwa ngokuvamile ngokuthi zinakho ukuthenga okuphakeme kodwa zisaveka kumalungu amadlinga we-energi, ikakhulu emazwe amakhulu. I-FCU zinakho ukuthenga okuphansi kodwa kungaba nokuthabatha okuphansi kwezindlela zokusebenza zabo zokubambisana.