yaya VFD ya yi amfani a cikin AHU?

Matsalatin da ke tsarin aiki: Yaya VFD ya yi amfani a cikin AHU ta hanyar kontrolin mota ta tashin kwayoyi

Fisiks na kontrolin yadda kwayoyi su daina: Yadda kwayoyin da suka daina suna da alaƙa da tashin kwayoyin da suka bayyana (N₆ = 120f/P)

Kwamitin Karamin Tashin Tsarin, ko VFDs don hankali, suna aiki ta hanyar canza yadda ya zama mafi kyawun karamin motorin AHU ta shiga ta hanyar canzawa na elektrisitin da ke samuwa. Bayanin wani abu ne da ke takaici a cikin wannan abu ne wanda aka kira shi 'formula na karamin tsaya'. Idan mu duba wannan formula Ns = 120 × f ÷ P, abin da muke ganin shine yadda karamin motori ta fito da karamin elektrisitin da karamin maganin dandano. Daga cikin motorin da suka biyu (4-pole) wanda ya ke amfani da elektrisitin da suka biyu (60 Hz), yana zuma akan 1,800 karama bayan miniti. Amma idan ka raba karamin elektrisitin da suka biyu (60 Hz) zuwa 30 Hz, karamin motori zai zuma hanya akan 900 RPM. Wace abu ne ya sa VFDs suka zama mafi kyawun amfani kamar yadda ya zama mafi kyawun amfani kafin waɗannan hanyoyi na gine-gine kamar amfani da 'dampers'? A'a, wannan tsarin na gine-gine suna fiye da elektrisitin da suka biyu (waste energy) a matsayin hanyar kara harajin yaki da kara karamin kuzari (pressure losses) wanda ba za a bukatar su. A cikin VFDs, karamin yana canzawa a matsayin hanyar elektronik, kuma yana kare karamin torque a matsayin tsakanin da karamin tsarin kuma karamin tsarin kuma yana mafi kyawun amfani kamar yadda ya zama mafi kyawun amfani kafin waɗannan hanyoyi na gine-gine.

Tsarin PWM inversion: Zama mai saurin AC wanda yana da tsakiya ta hanyar saurin AC wanda yana da tsakiya da kuma saurin tashin kudin DC

VFDs suna canza kudin AC na gida zuwa kudin motor wanda aka ba shi damuwa ta hanyar uku da suka hadu:

1. Kudin DC : AC wanda yana da tsakiya (50/60 Hz) ana canzawa zuwa DC ta hanyar diodes ko IGBTs
2. Kudin DC Bus Stabilization : Capacitors suna karyata kudin DC domin karyata kudin DC
3. PWM Inversion : IGBTs suna karya kudin DC don zama AC wanda yana da tsakiya da kuma saurin tashin kudin DC (ta amfani da 0–120 Hz)

Takamaiman PWM yana ba da imkanin sauyi na 'yan koyaushe da tafarka a lokaci daya, wanda ke mafi mahimmanci saboda yin kuskure a 'yan koyaushe sannan a gudan tafarka ta zama ƙarfi zai iya haifar da matsaloli kamar tsayayyen da za su ci gaba da kariya ko kariya mai yawa a kayayyensu. Don misali, a 30 Hz, an nuna cewa al'adu ya kamata ya sauri tafarka a wani baya don yin halin da aka yi a lokacin da ke cikin kariya ba tare da haifar da matsaloli. Yadda ake fahimtar wannan tasirin yana nufin cewa kayayyensu na sauyin hawa (AHU) zasu iya sauyin koyaushe na kofin hawa da dore sosai a cikin yadda ake bukatar hawa a lokacin da ke cikin kariya, ba tare da aiki da kariya ba tare da kariya.

Al'amarrun VFD na AHU: Daga Sa'utin Kofin Hauwa zuwa Tsarin Tsarin Da Ake Amfani Da Shu

Saurin koyaushe na kofin hawa ta hanyar direkta a kayayyensu na sauyin hawa (AHU) — yin saurin hawa da dore sosai a cikin kofin hawa kuma rarraba kofin hawa da kofin hawa na gaba

Kudin da suka yi amfani da 'Variable frequency drives' sun kare waɗannan kuskuren da suka samu a cikin sistemomin damper ko bypass don hanyar tashin hawa saboda suka yin saurin motorin kofin hawa. Idan mutane suka yi amfani da hanyoyin tashin hawa, suna haɗa kuma gaskiya a cikin sistem, wanda ke zama kamar yin shiga na kudin da kudin a kudin kudin. Wannan yana haɗa kuma daga cikin kuskuren da suka samu a cikin tsawon hawa da kuma yana rarraba kudin a kowace lokaci. Amma idan kofin hawa ya kashe a cikin VFD, akwai wani abu da aka kira 'cubic law of fan affinity' ya zama aiki. Idan masu amfani suka rage saurin kofin hawa ta 20%, kudin da aka yi amfani da ita zai rage zuwa 50% na kudin da aka yi amfani da ita a baya, wanda ke nufin kuma 50% a rarrabawa kudin. A cikin bayanin da ASHRAE's Technical Committee 7.6 suka saba, gida-gida da suka yi amfani da VFD a cikin 'air handling units' suka yi amfani da kudin ta 30% zuwa 60% ƙasa ne ga gida-gida da suka yi amfani da sistemomin damper na farko. Kowace daga cikin wannan rarrabawa kudin ya dace da kare kuskuren da suka samu a cikin tsawon hawa idan hawa ta fadu da damper da suka ci gaba.

Kawo kuma yin amfani da VFD–VAV: Raba tsarin fassara, yin amfani da kasko, da kawo kuma raba kamar yadda ake bukata

Ko'ombe VFDs da sistemomin Variable Air Volume (VAV) yana zama madaidaici na kwayoyin fahimtar alhali. Ayyin sabon saiti na tsanani ya zama aikata da kula da saitin tsanani na ducts don kara kula da yawa daga VAV boxes. Wannan ya bada damar VFD in gudan fans akwai kuma yana kara kula da yawa wajen tsayi da airflow mai kyau a kowane zona. Ayyin cascade control ya kawo duka wadannan VAV damper positions zuwa cikin main fan controls, wanda ke kare system din a yi aiki da kariya kuma a yi aiki da kariya kamar yadda ya ke tsohon hankali. Don misali, a cikin wani halin da aka fiye da 70% na VAV dampers suka dace da less than 80% open position akwai kuma a lokacin da aka fiye da lokaci. A wannan halin, VFD zai kara kula da yawa da fan speed har abin da za a samu kariya na tsanani mai kyau. Sistemomin modern building automation sun kara wannan fasaha ta hanyar kula da yawa da yadda mutane suka dace, kula da yawa da readings na carbon dioxide, kuma kula da yawa da reports na hawa don bincike yadda loads zasu canza kuma kula da yawa da settings a lokacin da aka fiye da lokaci. A cikin binciken Department of Energy na US a cikin advanced HVAC controls, wannan nau'in ayyin kawo kariya zai iya kara kula da yawa da 25% zuwa 40% yadda ake kula da yawa da VFDs alone, duk wadannan lokaci a kara kula da yawa da tsayi mai kyau da indoor air quality mai kyau ga mutane suka dace.

Tsarin Karamin Kwamfata na VFDs a cikin AHUs: Gano Karamin Kwamfata da Kula da Yadda Za a Tsofawa Duk Kuskuren Da Ake Samu

Fayilin kudin kubewa: Ko muna nufin yadda 20% karamin gaba yayi sannan ya zama ~50% karamin kwamfata na fens vs. karamin gaba ta hanyar tsofawa

VFDs suna kwamfata matsaloli sosai a cikin units na karamin hawa saboda suna amfani da 'fan affinity laws' wanda muna san su daga lokacin da muna koyon. Babban bayani shi ne yadda kwamfata ta fito da gaba ta kudin kubewa. Idan karami gaba na fens ta zama 20%, kwamfata ta zama kamar hamsin da yadu da aka samu a baya saboda 0.8 ta kudin kubewa ta zama kamar 51%. Wannan shine kamar karamin kwamfata a hamsin da yadu domin karamin gaba kadan. Bayanin suna kara yawa idan mutane suka kara karamin karamin hawa ta hanyar karamin damper. Idan karamin hawa ta zama kamar 80% ko kara, aljari ya zama mai yanka kamar yankin karamin tsinkafi da karamin static pressure. A cikin karamin aljaririn, kwamfata na fens ta zama kamar 15% zuwa 25% kara a wannan halin. Ba wani ba abin da ya sa muhimmanci kamar yadda inginiyurin na aljari suka fiye VFDs a farko na lista na karamin kwamfata a cikin bills na kwamfata. Suna kuma a cikin 'Tier 1 measures' a cikin ASHRAE standards na yanzu saboda abin da suka iya ci gaba.

Kusancin aiki na yanzu: 30–50% na VFDs na AHU da suka sa akwai a cikin wani lokaci suna aiki ba tare da fuskantar (ta hanyar <25 Hz) saboda karamin sa akwai ko baya ta gano abin da aka yi amfani da shi

Kamar yadda suka nuna mahimmanci, VFDs suna aiki ba tare da fuskantar a matsayin yanzu. Tashin gida—kamar suka bayyana a rukunin 2023 na Ponemon Institute Farko na Karamin Aiki na HVAC a Gidan Ayyuka —ya nuna cewa 30–50% na VFDs na AHU suna aiki kafin 25 Hz, inda karamin aiki na motor da drive ya zama mafi kyau (12–18% ta yanzu daga farko). Dua abubuwan da suka zama uba na farko:

1. Karamin sa akwai : Kamar 40% na sa akwai ba su da tunawa ta muhimmanci na PID don hanyar sa akwai na pressure reset, wanda ya zama sabon sabon aiki da karamin aiki na yanzu a tsaki mai yawa
2. Baya ta gano abin da aka yi amfani da shi : Wadanda ba su da gano abin da aka yi amfani da shi a gida ba su da amfani da analisis na yadda abinda ke so a musamman a lokacin rabi, wanda ya zama sabon sabon aiki na VFD wanda ba su da gano abin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da suka yi amfani da shi a cikin lokacin da suka yi amfani da shi

Tsarin finansu yana da matukar sarrafa: kuma fan ya sa gaba daya na AHU da 50 hp ya sa gaba a 22 Hz ba tare da yadda ya kamata a 35–45 Hz, yana sarrafa daga cikin abubuwa da za su iya kawo kariya na kwamfutawa ta hanyar kwamfutawa na kwamfutawa ta 740,000 dolar a cikin 10 shekara—wanda ya nuna bukatun kammalawa da kammalawa da tsarin amfani da AHU da kuma tsarin amfani da kammalawa.

Saba Daga Sabon Wannan

Wane ne Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) kuma yaya yana aiki?

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) shi ne abu da ke tsara yadda ya sa gaba na motor na elektriku ta hanyar canza yadda ya sa gaba da tsarin kwamfutawa na kwamfutawa. Yana aiki ta hanyar canza kwamfutawa da ke samuwa ga motor, wanda ya ba da damar tsara yadda ya sa gaba na motor ta hanyar fahimtar.

Wace sabon VFDs suna da alhakin kwamfutawa don zama mafi kyau da kuma mafi yawa da kuma sistem na damper a cikin AHUs?

VFDs suna canza yadda ya sa gaba na motor na fans ta hanyar dire, wanda ya rage yadda ya sa gaba na pressure na static da kwamfutawa na kwamfutawa, amma dampers suna haifar da resistance. Wannan yana nufin kwamfutawa mai kyau da kwamfutawa.

Yaya VFDs suna taimaka wajen kwamfutawa a cikin units na air handling?

Ta hana yadda fan kuma, VFDs suka gaba da amfanin kwamfutu don yadda aka fassara aiki na kwamfutu da yadda ya ke cikin tashin kubin. Wannan ya ba da imkanin yadda za a samun kwamfutu mai yawa don yadda ake amfani da shi wajen yadda ake amfani da shi a matsayin mafi kyawu don yadda ake amfani da shi.

Wane abu ne ya sa VFDs suka yi aiki ba da mafi kyawu?

Koƙari na amfani da VFDs, kamar yadda ake fassara PID ba da mafi kyawu kuma ba a saba da yadda ake amfani da shi a matsayin mafi kyawu, suna haɗa da yadda suka yi aiki ba da mafi kyawu. Wannan ya haɗa da yadda VFDs suka yi aiki ta hanyar ba da mafi kyawu, suka rufe kwamfutu kuma suka sa daga yadda suka zama mai yawa.