ukuthi i-VFD isebenza kanjani kwi-AHU?

Isiphumo Sesiqukithelo: Ukuthi i-VFD isebenza kanjani kwi-AHU ngokusebenzisa ukukhokha kwemotolo ngokufana ngefrekhwensi

Ukugcina kwezinto ezihlukene: Ukubamba kwesivinini ngokufana ngefrekhwensi yokunika (N₆ = 120f/P)

Ama-Variable Frequency Drives, noma ama-VFD ngamafuphi, asebenza ngokushintsha ukuthi i-AHU motor ijikeleza ngokushesha kangakanani ngokulungisa ugesi owutholayo. Umgomo oyisisekelo walokhu uhlanganisa into ebizwa ngokuthi ifomula yejubane elihambisanayo. Uma sibheka ifomula Ns elilingana 120 izikhathi f elihlukaniswe P, lokho esikubonayo ngempela lapha indlela ijubane motor ihlobene imvamisa kagesi futhi izingqimba kazibuthe. Thatha imoto evamile enezingqimba ezine esebenza ngamandla angu-60 Hz, iyozungeza cishe izikhathi ezingu-1 800 ngomzuzu. Nokho, uma usika lokho kuvinjelwa ngesigamu ube ngu-30 Hz, ngokuzumayo imoto iba nama-rpm angu-900. Yini eyenza ama-VFD abe usizo uma eqhathaniswa nezindlela zesikole esidala njengokusebenzisa ama-damper? Yebo, lezo zinhlelo ezingokomshini zimane zichitha amandla njengokushisa futhi zidala ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi okungadingekile. Nge-VFDs, ukunciphisa kwenzeka nge-elekthronikhi esikhundleni salokho, kugcina amazinga we-torque ezinzile futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu jikelele kungcono kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko.

Umsebenzi wokuguqula kwe-PWM: Ukuguqula ukuvuka kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-AC ukuze kube nokuveza okusodwa kwe-frekhwensi/ukuvutha okusodwa

I-VFD ziguqula amandla we-AC ayesifundazwe ngokuphelele ku-AC okuphathelene nomoto ngamathegi amathathu atholakala:

1. Ukuguqula kwe-AC ku-DC : Ukuvuka kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-AC (50/60 Hz) kugubhulwa ku-DC ngokusebenzisa amadiyodi noma i-IGBTs
2. Ukuphatha kwe-DC Bus : Amakapasitara akhupha izimbono zokuvutha
3. Ukuguqula kwe-DC ku-AC ngokusebenzisa i-PWM : I-IGBTs zihambisana ngokushesha ku-DC ukuze zithole ukuvuka kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-AC nokuvutha okusodwa (ngokujwayelekile 0–120 Hz)

Teknoloji ya PWM iyisiza imithambo ukulawula ubude bokuphinda kabili nokuvolthi ngokufanana, okuyisisekelo esikhulu kakhulu ngoba ukunciphisa ubude bokuphinda kabili ngaphandle kokunciphisa ivolthi kungalibonakala kubona izinkinga zokugcina kwe-magnetic ne-ukuphahla kwemithambo. Faka isibonelo sika-30 Hz apho isistimu kufanele ikhansele ivolthi yokuphuma ku-izilinganiso ezinkulu ukuze ibe yisisekelo sokusebenza ngaphandle kokubonakala kubona izinkinga. Ukuthola le nto yokuqiniseka kuyisisekelo sokuthi imithambo yokuhlanza amafani ingathatha ubude bokuphinda kabili wamafani ngokucacile ngokwesikhathi esifanayo ngokwesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphandle kokusebenza ngokungafanele konke isikhathi.

Imisebenzi Yezivili VFD Eziphatha i-AHU: Kusukela Ekulawuleni Komkhiyazi Ngokuzwana KuKulawula Kwesistimu Esilungile

Ukulawula ngokuzwana ubude bokuphinda kabili wamafani emithambeni yokuhlanza — ukubuyisa izihlangothi nezihlangothi zokubuyisa ngokulawula ngokucacile ubude bokuphinda kabili wamafani

Ama-drives anemvamisa eguquguqukayo asusa ukungasebenzi kahle esikubona ngezinhlelo zokudambisa umoya noma zokudlulisa umoya zokulawula ukugeleza komoya ngoba empeleni alungisa ijubane lezinjini ze-fan ngokwazo. Lapho abantu besebenzisa izindlela zokugwema ukushaywa umoya, empeleni bakha ukumelana okwengeziwe ohlelweni - njengokungathi bacindezela kokubili uphethiloli nebhuleki ngesikhathi esifanayo emotweni. Lokhu kudala zonke izinhlobo zengcindezi engadingekile futhi kumane nje kusaphaza amandla. Nokho, uma kuziwa kuma-ventilator alawulwa yi-VFD, kunento ebizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-cubic of fan affinity osebenzayo. Uma opharetha benciphisa isivinini se-fan cishe ngo-20%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehla kube cishe uhhafu walokho okwakukhona ngaphambili, okusho ukusindisa amandla cishe ngo-50%. Ngokwezifundo ezenziwe yiKomiti Yobuciko ye-ASHRAE 7.6, izakhiwo ezihlome ngama-VFD kumayunithi azo okuphathwa komoya ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amandla angaphansi ngo-30% kuya ku-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezindala ezilawulwa yi-damper. Iningi lalezi zimali ezongayo livela ekuqedeni ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi okucasulayo okwenzeka lapho umoya kufanele ulwe namapayipi avuliwe.

Ukugxilwa kwe-VFD–VAV ngokuhambisana: Ukubuyisela impumelelo yemithambo, umkhondo wokugxila, nokuhlela ukuseta kwempumelelo ngokwesicelo

Ukuhlanganisa ama-VFD nezinhlelo ze-Variable Air Volume (VAV) kudala izendlalelo eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukuvuselelwa kwengcindezi okuzenzakalelayo kusebenza ngokulungisa izilungiselelo zengcindezi yomsele phansi lapho kunesidingo esincane esivela emabhokisini e-VAV. Lokhu kuvumela i-VFD ukuba inciphise ijubane lama-fan nakakhulu kuyilapho igcina ukugeleza komoya okufanele endaweni ngayinye. Ukulawula kwe-cascade kuxhuma zonke lezo zikhundla ze-AVV damper emuva ezandleni eziyinhloko ze-fan, okuvimbela uhlelo ukuba lungaqhubeki lujikeleza luye phezulu naphansi njengokungathi lujaha umsila walo. Thatha isimo esivamile lapho okungenani ama-70% ama-damper e-VAV ehlala ngaphansi kuka-80% isikhundla esivulekile isikhathi esiningi. Kulokhu, i-VFD iyokwehlisa kancane kancane ijubane le-ventilator kuze kube yilapho izinto zizinzile ezingeni elifanele lokucindezela. Ukuzenzakalela kwezakhiwo zanamuhla kuthatha lo mqondo kuqhubeke ngokuhlola ukuthambekela kwangempela kokuhlala kwabantu, ukufundwa kwe-carbon dioxide, ngisho nemibiko yesimo sezulu ukuze kubikezelwe ukuthi imithwalo izoshintsha nini futhi ilungise izilungiselelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokwenhlolo-vo eyenziwa uMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States mayelana nokulawulwa kwe-HVAC okuthuthukile, lezi zinhlobo zezindlela ezihlanganisiwe zingonga noma kuphi phakathi kuka-25% no-40% amandla amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa ama-VFD kuphela, konke lokhu kugcina amazinga okushisa akhululekile nekhwalithi enhle

Umthelela wamandla we-VFD kuma-AHU: Ukubala ukonga nokugwema izingibe ezivamile

Inzuzo yomthetho we-cubic: Kungani ukunciphisa isivinini ngama-20% kunikeza ~ 50% wokonga amandla we-fan uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcizelela

Ama-VFD asindisa amandla amaningi kakhulu kumayunithi okulawula umoya ngenxa yaleyo mithetho yokuhlobana kwe-fan sonke esiyifundile kwenye indawo. Ingxenye eyinhloko iwukuthi amandla ahlobene kanjani nesivinini esilinganiswe ngesilinganiso sesikwele. Nciphisa isivinini somoya ngama-20% futhi amandla ehla abe uhhafu walokho ayekade eyikho ngoba u-0.8 cube ulingana no-51%. Lokho empeleni kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesigamu ngokunciphisa izinto kancane. Izinto ziba zimbi nakakhulu lapho abantu bezama ukulawula ukugeleza komoya ngokuvala izivala-moya esikhundleni salokho. Lapho ukugeleza kwehla ngaphansi kuka-80%, isimiso siqala ukusebenza kanzima ngokumelene nokumelana okwandayo nokucindezela okuphakeme kwe-static. Izindawo eziningi zibona amandla e-ventilator enyuka noma kuphi kusuka ku-15% kuya ku-25% ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Akumangalisi ukuthi onjiniyela bezakhiwo babeka ama-VFD phezulu ohlwini lwabo lokonga imali ku-electricity bill. Zize zifakwe ohlwini lwezinyathelo ezisezingeni lokuqala ezindinganisweni zakamuva ze-ASHRAE ngesizathu esihle.

Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwezwe langempela: ama-30-50% ama-AHU VFDs afakiwe asebenza ngendlela engeyona enhle (<25 Hz) ngenxa yokufakwa kabi noma ukuntuleka kokubekwa komthwalo

Naphezu kwamandla abo aqinisekisiwe, ama-VFD avame ukungaphumeleli kahle. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu-kufaka phakathi okucashunwe embikweni we-Ponemon Institute ka-2023 Izingqinamba Zokusebenza Kwezindawo Zokuthengisa "bonisa ukuthi ama-30-50% ama-AHU VFD asebenza njalo ngaphansi kwama-25 Hz, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto nokushayela kwehla kakhulu (12-18% ngaphansi kwamanani aphezulu). Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zilawula:

1. Ukungasetshenziswa kahle : Cishe ama-40% ezitshalo awanakho ukucushwa kwe-PID okufanelekile kokubuyiselwa kwengcindezi, okuholela ekuphenduleni okuhamba kancane nasekusebenzeni ngokweqile ngejubane eliphansi
2. Ukungabikho kokubekwa kwephrofayili yomthwalo : Zimbalwa izikhungo eziqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo sesizini, okuholela ekuhlelweni kwe-VFD okuphezulu kakhulu okungazinaki izimo zokulayisha okuyingxenye ezivamile emahoreni amaningi okusebenza

Umthelela wezezimali ubalulekile: umfutho we-AHU ovamile wama-50 hp osebenza ngo-22 Hz esikhundleni se-35-45 Hz yayo elungiselelwe kahle uchitha cishe u-$740,000 eminyakeni eyishumi ezindlekweni zamandla ezingagwemeka - okuqokomisa isidingo esibucayi sokuqaliswa kokuqina nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okuqhubek

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuyini i-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) futhi isebenza kanjani?

I-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) iyithuluzi elilawula ijubane le-motor kagesi ngokushintsha imvamisa namandla kagesi. Isebenza ngokulungisa ugesi otholwa imoto, okuvumela ukulawula ngokunembile ijubane lemoto.

Kungani ama-VFD esebenza kangcono kunezinhlelo zendabuko zokuvala amaphutha kuma-AHU?

Ama-VFD alungisa ijubane lezinjini ze-fan ngqo, anciphisa ingcindezi engadingekile ye-static kanye nokulahleka kwamandla, kanti ama-damper adala ukumelana. Lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana.

Ama-VFD asiza kanjani ekongeni amandla ema-unit okusingatha umoya?

Ngokulula isivinini sesifan, i-VFD zilahla ukusebenza kwemithambo ngokukhulu ngokuba kukhona indlela yokuqubuka yomkhondo nesivinini. Lokhu kusiza ekuthinteni imithambo eminingi kulokho kwenziwa ngeminye imithambo.

Izinkinga ziphi ezizenzela ukuthi i-VFD ziya kusebenza ngaphansi kwezimali?

Ukugcina okungafanele, okufana nokungakwazi ukuphatha i-PID ngendlela efanele nokungabikho ukuzimela umkhondo, kuyisibonelo sokuzenzela ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimali. Lokhu kusiza ukuthi i-VFD ziya kusebenza ngaphansi kwezimali zokusebenza, kuthintela imithambo futhi kongena izindlela zokuthintela imali.