imizamo yezinyezi zokugcina izihlalo zemikhumbi

Imizamo Yezinyezi Zokugcina Izihlalo Zemikhumbi Nokubhekana Kwamaphuzu Ngokwesithembiso Se-ASHRAE 170

Izinyezi Ezindala Zokugcina Ngamahora (ACH) Ngokwesifundo Sesifundo: Amakhaya Okubona, Amakhaya Okwenza Izingxenye, Namaphuzu Okusila

Imizamo yezinyezi zokugcina izihlalo zemikhumbi iyisikhombisa izinyezi ezindala zokugcina ngamahora (ACH) ukuze kubhekwe izinto ezingavali kwezinyezi. I-ASHRAE 170 ibeka izinyezi ezindala zokugcina ngamahora (ACH) ngokwesibonelo sokuthi ubuhlungu bungabonakala ngokuphelele:

• Amakhaya okubona : ACH angaphezu kwe-6 ukuze kubhekwe izinto ezingavali kwezinyezi kubantu abanemibono yobuhlungu
• Amakhaya okwenza izinxenye : 15 ACH okungeniwe kubuso lokufakwa kwemithombo lapho kuthakelwa umkhumbi wokugqibela
• Amaphoyisa okusila : 4 ACH okungeniwe kubuso lwesikhundla sokusebenza ngokujwayelekile

Amaphoyisa okuphakeme kakhulu azidinga ukuguqula kwamandla wezinye ukuhlanza amasiphephelo okuhlanza ngokushesha. Isibonelo, amaphoyisa okwenza izindlela zokuziphatha kwezincwadi ziyadinga ukuguqula kwamandla wezinye ngokuphakeme ngo-30% kulokho kwezincwadi zokuziphatha ngokujwayelekile ngoba kuyasebenza ngokukhala kwamandla wezinye. Amaphoyisa kufanele abhekise ukuguqula kwamandla wezinye ngomnyaka ngamabili ngezikhundla zokubhekisa ukuguqula kwamandla wezinye, njengoko ukunguquli kwamandla wezinye kuyakhula imiphumela yokuthakelwa ngokuphakeme ngo-40% (CDC 2023).

Imikhuba Yokuchaza Ukuguqula Kwamandla Wezinye: Ukugcina Ukuguqula Kwamandla Wezinye Ngokuphelele Kusuka Kuze Kuphakeme

Ukuguqula kwamandla wezinye ngokuphelele kuhlinza ukuthakelwa kwezinye ngokuphakeme kwezinye. ASHRAE 170 iyathetha:

• +2.5 Pa okungeniwe kumaphoyisa okwenza izindlela zokuziphatha kahle ngaphansi kwamaphoyisa okuziphatha
• -2.5 Pa okungeniwe kumaphoyisa okuziphatha okuthakelwa ngamandla wezinye
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-neutral (±0.5 Pa) emaphakamiseni okusindiswa

Ukugcina lelo hlobo lokuhlanganisa kuvumela ukuthi umoya udlule kusuka emazweni amhlophe kuze kuzwanele-ku-mhlophe. Izihlombe eziphambili phakathi kwezindawo zokufundwa ngokujwayelekile nezindawo ezingenakwazi ukufundwa kufanele zibe nenqubomgomo yemitha yamanzi engu-0.01-inch, ekubonisiwa ngokuvamile ngeminyaka yezibalo zemitha yamanzi. Izinhloso zokugcina izinyawo ngokuzenzakalela nezinkampani ezinamandla zokugcina ziyimfanele, ngoba ukuvula kwesinye sesinyawo kungasinda ukuphakanyiswa kwezinyawo ngama-15 minithi.

Ukudesigna kwe-HVAC okusobala ukuthi kuyisikhungo sokukhathazeka kwezilungelo zokuhlukanisa izifo emaphakamiseni okufunda ngokujwayelekile

Ukufiltratha kwe-HEPA nokubalansha kwezindlela zokudlula komoya emazweni aphambili kwezilungelo ezinamandla

Izihlungi ze-HEPA zikwazi kahle ukubamba izinhlayiya ezincane, zibamba cishe u-99.97% wezinto ezinobukhulu obungu-0.3 microns noma ngaphezulu, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni amagciwane emakamelweni okuhlinza lapho iziguli zingena khona zihambe. Ngokwe-ASHRAE standard 170, lezi zindawo zidinga ukushintshwa komoya okungenani izikhathi ezingu-12 ngehora, futhi okungenani ezimbili zalezo zinguquko kufanele zivela emoyeni ohlanzekile ongaphandle ukuze kusize ekuqedeni ukungcola. Lapho ochwepheshe belinganisela ukugeleza komoya endaweni ethile, bakha umehluko wengcindezi ogcina umoya ohlanzekile uhamba ngendlela efanelekusuka ezindaweni zokuhlanza empeleni uye emaphaseji. Lokhu kuvimbela umoya ongcolile ukuba ungabuyeli ezindaweni okungafanele uye kuzo futhi kusiza ekugcineni izimo ziphephile.

• Ukuhluka kwengcindezi engathandeki (0.01" ubuncane besilinganiso samanzi)
• Izindlela zokugeleza komoya ezenziwe ngamasendlalelo ezinciphisa ukuphazamiseka
• Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zengcindezi

Ukuhlanzwa kwe-HEPA okuphelele—kuzwenzeka kabili ngonyaka ngokulingana nezindlela zokusebenza—kunika ubukhulu bezifiltara ngokufanele. Kumaqondiswano asekhaya apho amathuba akhona, izindawo zokuhlanzwa ezihlukaniswe zizama ukunciphisa imiphumela yezifo ngaphandle kokuguqula isakhiwo.

Ukugxilwa kwe-UVGI: Ukusebenza okubonakalayo Ngokwemibono Ngokuthi Kuyasebenza Ngokuphelele Kulezifo Zokuhamba

Izinhlangano ze-UVGI zisebenza ngokuchaza izinyama nge-RNA zabo ngokusebenzisa leli wavelengithi lwesikhathi se-UV-C esihlukile soku-254 nm. Uma zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele, izinhlangano ze-UVGI zokunguqukela zidala lezi zindawo zokuhlanzwa ezingazwa ngokuvamile ezihlukaniswe phansi kwabantu bakhuluma, zikhipha iziviro zokushisa nokushisa okuphambili kuzo ngaphezu kwe-90%. Isilinganiso esinye sokusakha kwezindawo ziyizinhlangano ze-UVGI zokunguqukela ezihlukaniswe emaducts, okuyinto ekusebenza ngokuhambisana nezifiltara ze-HEPA esithi kahle kule ndawo. Lezi zinhlangano zihlukanisa izibhakteriya nezinye izinto ezingavumelekile ngokuphelele emaducts wokuhlanzwa phambi kokuthi kubuyiselwe emagumbini nezindawo zokuhlala. Kunezinto eziningi ezimelana nokuthi lezi zinhlangano zisebenza njani ngokuphelele.

Amaphuzu okweminyaka ayavumela ukuthi i-UVGI iyakhiqiza izinhlobo zomshini wokugula ezihlanganiswe nezindlela zokuhlanza okuningi kune-6 ACH, ikakhulukazi emazweni okufuna amandla amaningi njengezindawo zokubhalisa. Ukuvimbela kahle kuyakhubaza ukuthi abantu bangebhekwe ngokuphelele futhi kuyasivumela ukusebenza ngokuphelele kokukhiqiza.

Isithembiso se-HVAC esihlanganiswe nezinhlobo zomshini wokugula nokusetshenziswa

Izinhlelo ze-HVAC ezihlukaniswe zaba yizindawo ezihlukene emtholampilo ohlinzekela iziguli ngaphandle zihlukanisa ukugeleza komoya kuye ngezingozi zokutheleleka nokuthi indawo ngayinye idinga ini ngempela. Izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengamakamelo okuhlinza adinga ingcindezi enhle zigcinwa kude nezindawo ezinjengezindawo zokulinda lapho abantu behlala khona. Ngokwezinga le-ASHRAE, lolu hlobo lokuhlukanisa lusebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni amagciwane ukuba angasakazeki phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesakhiwo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lunganciphisa izinkinga zokungcola okuphambene cishe ngesigamu. Lapho beklama lezi zindawo, onjiniyela babheka ukuthi kwenzekani nsuku zonke. Amakamelo okuhlolwa kwamabhontshisi adinga izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokukhipha umoya nezihlungi ze-HEPA, kuyilapho amahhovisi avamile engaba nomoya ovamile. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela yakamuva evela ku-FGI 2022 kusho ukugxila kakhulu ekushintsheni komoya ngehora nekhwalithi yokuhlunga nomaphi lapho kuneziguli ezisengozini khona. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-AJIC emuva ngo-2022 luthole ukuthi izikhungo ezisebenzisa le ndlela yokwahlukanisa izindawo ezinesimo esiyingozi zibone izinga lokutheleleka kwehla cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezinamasethi ayisisekelo e-HVAC. Ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo ezindaweni eziguliwe, lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo phakathi nenkathi yomkhuhlane noma ezinye izifo ngenxa yama-dampper ahlakaniphile namadivayisi okuqapha ingcindezi esakhiweni sonke.

Imithambo Yokuvavanya Isikhalazo Nezinkokhelo Zokuvavanya Ukuphakama Kwemithambo Ngokwesikhundla

Ukuvavanya Kwe-FGI 2022 Ne-ASHRAE 170: 68°F–78°F Ne-30–60% RH Ngokwesiqondiso

Amakliniki e-ophambili ayadinga ukulawula kahle kwezinkokhelo zokugcina amaphuzu nezinkokhelo zokugcina umoya emazikhundleni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo sika-Facility Guidelines Institute esithile ngo-2022 futhi nge-ASHRAE Standard 170, izindawo zonke ziyofanele kuba phakathi kwe-68 ne-78 degrees Fahrenheit ngokuphelele, futhi inkokhelo yezinkokhelo zokugcina umoya iyofanele kuba phakathi kwe-30 ne-60 percent. Kodwa kukho izinyathelo ezihlukene zokubhekana nalesi simo ngokwesifundo sokuthi izindawo ziziphi zokuthi zingaba zingasemthwakweni yamandla okufa kanye nokuthi zisebenzisa njani. Isibonelo, izindawo zokwenza izindlela zinamalungelo amaningi kakhulu — kahle kuzoba phakathi kwe-72 degrees Fahrenheit ngokuphelele, ngokuphela kwe-2 degrees, futhi inkokhelo yezinkokhelo zokugcina umoya iyofanele kuba phakathi kwe-50% ngokuphela kwe-5%. Izindawo zokuzwa kusenza kahle kuzoba nezinkokhelo eziningi kakhulu. Lezi zimalungelo, ozikwaziwa ukuthi i-42 izinyanga zazo zizisayishwa kumalungelo abo, zisiza ekuvikelweni kwezinkinga zokuthi umoya uhlaka, amadoda amabili akhona ngokungafani, futhi abantu bakhona ngokungafani kwezinkokhelo eziningi kakhulu. Uma amakliniki ayisayisi lezi zimalungelo ngokuphelele, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinkokhelo zokufa zingakwazi ukuphakama kuhlu kwe-40% kunezinkokhelo zokufa zokuphelele. Lokho-ke kuyisibonelo sokuthi ukudala izindawo ezihlukene emthonjeni kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwezindawo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokuphelele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Iyini injongo yokushintshwa komoya okungenani ngehora (ACH) ezikhungweni zezokwelapha? I-ACH encane yakhelwe ukulawula ukungcola okusemoyeni ngokuqinisekisa ukushintshaniswa komoya okwanele ukuze kucwengisiswe futhi kususwe amagciwane, kunciphise izingozi zokutheleleka.
• Ukwehluka kwengcindezi kusiza kanjani ukugcina indawo ephephile emtholampilo? Ukuhluka kwengcindezi kuvimbela ukugeleza komoya kusuka ezindaweni ezingcolile kuya ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukungcoliswa okuphambene futhi kuqinisekise indawo ephephile.
• Ziyini izihlungi ze-HEPA, futhi kungani zibalulekile ezindaweni zezokwelapha? Izihlungi ze-HEPA zibamba izinhlayiya ezincane njenge-0.3 micron, zibambe cishe u-99.97% wokungcola okusemoyeni, okubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni namagciwane emakamelweni okuhlolwa.
• Ubuchwepheshe be-UVGI buyasiza kanjani ekulweni nezifo? I-UVGI isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UV-C ukuze iphazamise i-DNA/i-RNA yamagciwane, inciphise ngempumelelo amagciwane asemkhathini futhi iqinisekise ukuthi umoya uhlanzekile ezindaweni zokwelapha.
• Yimaphi amazinga okushisa nomswakama anconywayo ngokusho kwe-ASHRAE 170 ne-FGI 2022? Izilinganiso zesikhathi esifunekayo ziyaphakathi kwe-68°F ne-78°F noma isikhathi sesikhathi sokugqibela phakathi kwe-30% ne-60%, ngokwesikhundla sokuphila kanye nokusetshenziswa.