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Ukususa kwamanzi kwe-HEPA no-ULPA: Ithembile yokuqonda ukuphepha kwezinye zama-air kuma-clean room
Kukhulula izinto zokusebenza kwezinhlayiya, izinhlayiya zokuthengisa izinto zokuziphatha, nokwakha izinhlayiya zokuphatha izinto zokusebenza kusukela kwezinhlayiya zokusebenza kuyisidingo esingasolwa. Ukwenza izinto zokukhulula okunamuhla, ukugcina izinto zokusebenza zokuziphatha, nokwakha izinhlayiya zokusebenza kusukela kwezinhlayiya zokusebenza kufuneka kubhekwe indawo engekho noma yiziphi izinto ezinamuhla ephambili. Lokhu kufikwa ngokusebenzisa isistimu yokuvavanya okwenzelwe ngokujabulisile, esinezinyathelo eziningi. Isifunda sena sisistimu yilokuvavanya okwesibili (HEPA) noma okwesibili okuphezulu (ULPA), okwenza umkhosi wokugcina phakathi kwendawo ekhulula nokuthi kungakhululi kanye. Kodwa lokuvavanya okwesibili akasebenzi ngokwakhe kuphela. Kuvavanywa ngokuvavanya okwesibili okuphambili nokuvavanya okwesibili okuphakade okuvavanya izinto ezinkulu, okuvumela lokuvavanya okwesibili ukuba sebenze ngeminyaka eyinkulu. Ukuzazi ukuthi kungani isistimu yokuvavanya iyakwenziwa, ukuthi kungani kufanele kubhalwe, nokuthi kungani kufanele kubhalwe ngokuvavanya kuyisidingo sokuvuma ukuthi indawo ekhulula ibe nezinkinga zokusebenza nezinkinga zokubaluleka.
Isistimu Yokuvavanya Okwesibili Okwesibili
Ukuqondisa okuphakeme kwezikhumba zokuhlanza kusenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela eyisibini. Uhlangothi olungena ku-ah unit lapho kuyaphinda kusuka kufiltara yokuqala. Lokhu filtara lusakhiwe ukuqondisa izinto ezenzima kakhulu, njengoko kunye nezinye izinto ezihlukene, izinkambu, nokuthi kubili. Ngokususa leli qembu elikhulu, ifiltara yokuqala ishindisa ukuthi izifiltara eziningi zokugcina ezinamandla kakhulu zizithwale kushesho kakhulu. Izifiltara zokuqala ziyabuyiselwa ngokuphathelene nesikhumbuzo esithile, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka emibili noma emintathu njengokwenziwa kwesikhumbuzo esingaphansi. Uhlangothi wafika kufiltara yomphumela wokugcina, okuyisiphelo sokuthi kususe izinto ezincane kakhulu. Leli phasi liyisibopho sokuthi kusindise izifiltara zokugcina, okuyinto enkulu kakhulu nokunamandla kakhulu kulesi sistimu. Ifiltara yokugcina, okuyi HEPA noma ULPA grade filtara, iyafakwa kumkhumbi wokuphakama okungaphansi komkhumbi wokuphakama noma kufan filter unit. Lokhu filtara liyaphatha uhlangothi lwesiphelo ngaphambi kokufika ekhaya lokuhlanza.
HEPA vs. ULPA: Ukukhetha ifiltara eyodwa kulemnyango
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-HEPA filter ne-ULPA filter kukuphatha okukhethekile kokuqondisa ukuthi iperfomansi yisikhundla sokuthi kubuyela imali yokusebenza. I-HEPA filter iyavalekwa ukuthi ibuyela isilinganisi esikhulu semizwi emithathu kusukela kumkhawulo wokulinganisa. Lokhu ubukhulu bekuphela kubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-clean room, kufaka ezinye izinhlelo zezigaba B nezinye izinhlelo zezigaba A. I-ULPA filter inikeza ubukhulu obungaphezu kwebalulekile, ibuyela isilinganisi esikhulu kwezinye izinto ezingaphansi kwezinye izinhlelo zokulinganisa. Lokhu ubukhulu obungaphezu kwebalulekile kubuyela imali. I-ULPA filter inemedia engezansi, okuyenza ukuthi kunezinkinga eziphansi kwezinye izinhlelo zokulula kwamandla. Lokhu kuzoba nokuthi kubuyela imali yokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokubuyela imali yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho ke, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-HEPA ne-ULPA kubuyela izinqumo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabuyele imali kakhulu, lapho ukuthi umthwalo wokuthi umntu akasizi kubuyela imali, i-ULPA filter yilokho okubalulekile. Kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi kwezinye, i-HEPA filter inikeza indlela eyobuyela imali kanye nezinhlelo ezinconywa.
Ukuhlungiswa Kwe-Filter Integrity Ngokusebenzisa Ukulahleka Kwamaphuzu
Ukufaka kwe-HEPA noma kwe-ULPA filter akakwazi ukugcina ngaphandle kokuhlungiswa kwakhe. Umkhombo owodwa noma owangafakwa ngendlela engavamile ku-enclosure yakhe ungaqiniseka ukuthi amaphepha angafakwa ngokuphelele emsebenzini wokuhlanza. Ukuze kubonwe lezi zinto, kwenziwa ukulahleka kwamaphuzu. Lokhu kufana nokufaka amaphuzu okuzimela, okanye amaphuzu amanqaku, kumsebenzi wokuhlanza phambi kwe-filter. Emva kwalokho, isihlombe sesikhathi sokukhanya sisebenziswe ukuskena isibhakabhaka se-filter nasezinye izindawo zokuvimbela. Isihlombe sesikhathi sokukhanya sibala ubukhulu bokuzimela emuva kwe-filter. Ukuphakama kwabukhulu kubonisa ukuthi kune-lahleko. Izinhlangano zokulawula zilala ngokuthi ubukhulu obukhethekile bakulahleka kubalulekile. Uma kulahlekwa, i-filter kufanele ikhuliswe noma isishiywe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthandayo emva kokufakwa futhi ngokuphakathi kwezinsuku eziningi ukuhlonipha ukuthi isibhakabhaka sikhona ngokuphelele.
Amasithili Okuhlanza Amaphuzu Nokudesigna Ukuphakama Kwesifunda
Isisistemi sesilungisele sibunye isiqondiso esinye sendawo yomkhosi wokuphatha amafutha wezindawo ezenziwa ngokuphelele. Isikhathi sokuphatha amafutha (AHU) siyindlela eyenzela indlela yonke. Sibhekisa ukuthi amafutha ayenziwe ngokulinganisa kanye nokuhlanza, futhi sibhekisa ukuthi amafutha ayalinda ngokulinganisa kanye ngezindawo zokulungiselela amafutha kanye nezindawo zokuphatha amafutha ngokulinganisa kanye nokuphakamisa. Isikhathi sokuphatha amafutha kufanele kube lungezansi ngokuphelele ukuthi kubekwe izindawo ezihlukene zokulungiselela amafutha ngokulinganisa kokuphakamisa. Indawo engcwele kakhulu, njengendawo yokugcina engaphakamisa kakhulu, kufanele ibekwe ngokuphakamisa okuphelele. Uma sithanda kumaqondiso angaphezulu, ukuphakamisa kushintsha phansi. Lokhu kubhekisa ukuthi amafutha ayadlula kusuka endaweni engcwele kuya kumaqondiso angaphezulu, ukuvikela ukuthi ukungcoliswa akwazi ukufika endaweni enkulu yokuqondisa. Isikhathi sokuphatha amafutha kuyenza lokhu ngokubalansisa ivolimhu yamafutha okusika, ivolimhu yamafutha okubuyela, kanye nevolimhu yamafutha okususa.
Ukubeka ukuphakamisa kuyisilinganiso ngokubhaliselwa kwesikhathi samandla
Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinqulungu kuyisistimu esihambisana. Kungadluliwa ngamaphuzu amaningi, njengokuvulwa kwendlela, ukuguqula kwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokusebenza, noma ukuthi ifiltara ibe yilokho okufanele. Ukubeka isistimu ekhaya, kumele kubhekwa ngokuphakeme. Amasensha wezinqulungu zekhanya zihlanganisiwe phakathi kwemizuzwana yezindawo eziphelele zokuhlaka. Lezi masensha abonisa izindaba zokusha kusisitemu sokubeka isistimu sakhi. Isisitemu sokubeka isistimu sakhi sibhalwe ngamasheshini okukhomba ukuthi kunezinkinga. Uma ukuphakanyiswa kwezinqulungu kugcina kwezindawo ezifanele, isisitemu sithatha isikhumbuzo. Lokhu kusiza abasebenzi bokubeka isistimu sakhi ukuthi baze bakhelwe izinkinga ukuze bakhwenze izinto ezinconywayo. Ngamaphuzu amaningi, isisitemu sokubeka isistimu sakhi singathola isiphumo ngokuzenzakale, njengokunquma ukuvulwa kwesifanikela ukuze kubuyiswe ukuphakanyiswa. Lokhu kubhekwa ngokuphakeme nokukhombisa ukuthi kuyisistimu esihambisana kuyisisekelo sokubeka ukuthi izindawo eziphelele zokuhlaka ziyisisekelo.
Amasistimu okuhlanganiswa yokubeka isikhathe nesikhathi sokuhlaka
Ukugcina ubungakanani besilingo nesilingo sokukhanya kuyisifundo esikhundleni se-HVAC sesilingo sokuclean. Isilingo sikhala emaphakathi kwezindawo ezizimbi, njengokwenzekayo ngamagunya okuziphatha. Lokhu kubungakanani besilingo kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi izinto ezingatholakali kusilingo zibe senzulwane. Isilingo sokukhanya kuvumelwa kakhulu futhi. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kungahlela ukuthwasa kwemilayili nebakteriya, ngakho-ke ukukhanya okuphansi kungahlela ukuthwasa kwemithwasa yezinye izinto. Isistem yesilingo sokuclean isenza ukubungakanani besilingo nesilingo sokukhanya ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuchitha, izinkampani zokufika, nezinkampani zokukhanya. Izisensor zinakha umlando kusisitemu sokuphatha, okusiza ukuthi isisitemu sibuye sisenze izinkampani zibe senzulwane.
Izinguquko Zokukhanya Nokudlula Kwesilingo
Inombolo yezikhathi okwenzekayo ukubuyisela amafutha emkhumbi wokuhlanza ngeminyaka yisibonelo sokubuyisela amafutha. Kwezikhumbi zokuhlanza eziningi, njengokugcina kwe-Grade A ne-B, kudingeka ukubuyisela amafutha ngendlela enkulu ukuze kubhekwe ubukhane. Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-fan filter units (FFUs). Kwezikhumbi zokuhlanza zase-Grade A, lezi FFUs zihlanganiswa ukuze zinike amafutha okuhlanza ngendlela eyodwa (unidirectional laminar flow). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafutha ayohamba ngendlela eyodwa, ngokuphelele kokuvalelwa, ukususa izinto ezingaphansi kwezindawo zokusebenza eziningi. Kwezikhumbi ezincani, ukuzimela kwamafutha (turbulent airflow) kungakhathalisi, futhi ukubuyisela amafutha ngendlela encani kufanele. Inombolo yokubuyisela amafutha iyisibonelo sokujabula kwe-engineering okufanele ukubonakaliswa ngokuphathelwa kwezinhlelo.
Ukuthi Ukwenza Ngokwemikhao Yokuqinisa Ubukhane Bekhumbi Lokuhlanza
Ukubaluleka kweminyaka yezikhathi zokusebenza kwezinhlobo zokuhlanzela amafutha kusuka ekhaya lokuqondisa kuyisisekelo sezinkinga zokukhiqiza nokuzokhisha. Ukungafihlwa kwamaphakathi okuhlanzela amafutha, ukuphepha kwamaphakathi okuhlanzela amafutha, nokuphepha kwamaphakathi okuhlanzela amafutha okuqondisa konke kufaka isibiko esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwesikhathi sokuhlanzela amafutha. Abakhi amakhelwane abayifundisa izindlela zokuphatha ezithile, njenge-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 13485, bakhuluma iziphumo zokusebenza ngokuphepha phambi kokuthi kuthunyelwe. Basesebenza ngamakhwalithi amahle kanye namaprosesi okukhiqiza okuphepha ukuze bakhiphe ukuthi izinkambo zizosebenza ngokuphepha eminyakeni. Kusukela ekhaya lokusebenza othandayo ukusebenzisa i-khaya lokuhlanzela amafutha ukukhiqiza izinto ezinconywa ukuthi zilungisele umntu, ukuxhumana nothembekileyo, umkhakha wokuphatha okuphepha ukuphatha izinkambo zokuhlanzela amafutha kuyisibiko esikhulu sokuthi izinkambo zizokhula ngokuphepha kwezindlela zokuphatha zokuvumela.